Natural History Midterm

American Bitterns have vertical markings on their breast because the stripes:

Mullerian Mimicry is when:

True or False: Giant Swallowtail caterpillars look like bird droppings. This is known as masquerade.

The head of a Chipping Sparrow has a black line through the eye and a white stripe above it. These marks are called

if you see a caterpillar covered in yellow and red spines, you would suspect that it

Underwing Moths look just like tree bark. But if a bird sees one and pecks at it, the moth opens its wings and this happens:

Monarch butterfly caterpillars are not good to eat because they contain cardiac glycosides (terpenoids). They get these by eating milkweed leaves. The way they acquire the toxins is known as:

True or False: Snakes spend winter deep in the ground, beneath the frost line, in hibernacula

Inchworm caterpillars looks like twigs. This defence is known as:

True or False: Skunks are black and white because this colour pattern makes them better camouflaged for night activity.

True or False: Virginia Opossums play dead when frightened

True or False: Many insects have membranes that function as ears for detecting danger

Mullerian Mimicry is when

Bright colours worn by insects that are poisonous are known as

Terpenoids serve this purpose

Flocking in birds offers this benefit:

True or False: Snakes spend winter deep in the ground, beneath the frost line, in hibernacula

True or False: In the Far North, many animals are larger and more rotund than their southern relatives. This feature is known as Bergmann's Rule

You see 200 Cedar Waxwings in one tree all eating berries. This is an example of

When Hog-nosed Snakes are frightened, they do this:

The subnivean space allows:

True or False: Alkaloids are chemical defences that taste very bitter and repel animals

True or False: Mallards (ducks) are able to see behind their heads and in front of them at the same time.

If an insect eats Balsam Fir, it never matures into the adult stage because it ingests a lot of this chemical defence:

True or False: Porcupines have quills coated with antibiotics and can shoot them up to 1 metre.

A Polar Bear is very large and rotund (round). This shape conforms to

True or False: The tapetum lucidum is an adaptation for seeing at night.

In preparation for winter, Beavers do this

When Hog-nosed Snakes are frightened, they do this

Gulls, ducks, and geese can stand on ice without freezing their feet because of this adaptation

A harmless moth looks just like a harmless beetle. This is an example of:

When frightened, a Killdeer "freezes" and allows this adaptation to help protect it:

Giant Swallowtail caterpillars have a great secondary defence. This is:

A moth sits camouflaged on a tree trunk. When disturbed, it opens its wings and two large eyespots appear. These:

Autotomy is the ability to shed a body part and regrow it. This is a defence of:

True or False: Alkaloids are chemical defences that taste very bitter and repel animals

An insect eats a plant and continues to stay in its juvenile state and cannot change into an adult. It likely ate:

Animals in northern areas tend to be paler than animals farther south. This principle is known as:

The main defence of Anglewinged Butterflies is:

Bright colours worn by insects that are poisonous are known as

True or False: Monarch caterpillars sequester cardiac glycosides from milkweeds

Insects that swim at the surface of ponds often have this defence:

An analogous structure:

True or False: Snails and slugs use sharp mandibles for ingesting plant material

This structure is analogous to a bird's gizzard:

Flight intercept traps are prey-capturing adaptations used by:

True or False: The Hyoid Process (Horns) is an important adaptation for filtering food from moving water (i.e., what clams use to extract their food).

True or False: Black Fly larvae attain their food by filter-feeding in water

True or False: Crab Spiders do not make webs but hide on flowers; one species is able to change its colour to better match the flower on which it sits

Large masseters indicate that an animal eats:

Moose go to beaver ponds and shallow lakes in summer to:

Mixed Function Oxidases are:

You can tell an Orb Weaver Spider web from a Sheet Web Spider web because:

Snakes are able to analyze scents with this structure:

True or False: Birds that eat a lot of seeds and other hard plant parts often swallow small stones to help with the physical breakdown of the food

True or False: The American Bittern puts its beak in the air to change its shape

What animal lies on the forest floor and uses the high contrast pattern on its body to blend in?

________ folds in its legs to background match with a tree.

True or False: Grey Tree Frogs can change their skin pigment to green to mimic the lichen on trees

Eastern Screech Owls sit on the outside of holes of trees to:

This animal is brown in the summer and white in the winter due to seasonal colour change:

Many song birds have eyelines and eyestrips. This is an example of:

This animal has breast bands:

This animal has a chin strap to disrupt its shape:

This insect uses its shaped wings to resemble dead leaves

This insect resembles an alive leaf

This insect looks like bird poop

This animal hides by having a two tone body

This insect swims upside down because its bicolouration is backwards

Deers have a lighter belly than the rest of their body. This makes them look one dimensional. This is an example of:

This insect uses brightly coloured under wings to startle predators:

This insect has giant fake eyes on its underwing

This animal's startle pattern is bright yellow on the inside of its legs

A Giant Swallowtail's startle pattern is:

This caterpillar makes giant webs to live in without food

This caterpillar makes giant webs to live in with food

This caterpillar is brown and orange and fuzzy

This lizard has a bright blue tail that falls off when touched

Some snails shells are made of:

Warning colouration is also known as:

True or False: Ladybugs manufacture their toxins

What plant do Monarch Caterpillars sequester their toxins from

What poison is sequestered from milkweeds?

Does the Milkweed Tussock Caterpillar sequester?

This beetle will actually give you blisters:

Skunks spray this:

When animals share similar appearances and are both poisonous

When two animals share appearances but one is not poisonous:

True or False: There has to be more mimics than models for Batesian mimicry to work

________ puffs up as its secondary defence

True or False: Hog Nosed Snake swells up as a defence

Define Thanatosis

A group of white tail deer together is called a:

Flocking is a:

Murmuration is:

When birds come together as a preemptive defence and try to drive away predator:

This insect is a body guard for Aphids:

Why do Carpenter Ants Guard Aphids?

True or False: Deer can pivot their ears

Insects use _______ to "hear"

Can snakes hear?

Snakes determine where their prey is by using:

True or False: Moose have olfactory sense and Jacobson's organ

This hare's eyes are placed so they can see 360°

True or False: Eyes on the side of the head allow for greater depth perception

_____ are modified leaves:

_______ are epidural out growths, like hairs

When new rose buds resemble prickles this is called:

_______ are modified branches

What are Trichomes?

_______ have Trichomes that have chemicals inside them that burn

______ have an INDUCIBLE defense which means when the plant is in water it does not have Trichomes but when it is above water it grows Trichomes

Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Pectin are all examples of:

This gives cherry pits their hardness:

_______ is found ins Horsetails as a structural defence:

True or False: Tannis are astringent (dries plant) and makes them hard to eat

________ taste bitter and DO NOT contain nitrogen

Toxins that contain nitrogen are called

This is the hormone that causes insects to mature:

______ are full of Phytoecdysones

______ causes insects to not mature

________ contain phytojuvenile hormone

Phytoestrogen messes up __________ in insects

_____ causes the skin to be susceptible to light

An example of a plant that demonstrates aposematic colouration is:

When body temperature is determined by environment temperature:

When body temperature is determined internally:

_____ is a type of hair that traps body heat in

True or False: Pale colours retain heat better

Who's rule states that paler animals are more north?

______ rule states that short extremities are better in the cold

______ rule states a low surface area to volume ratio is better in the cold

Why does the Arctic Fox have a long fluffy tail?

How can ducks & birds stand on ice in the winter without their feet getting frozen?

_______ has counter current vessels in snout to heat the air they breathe in

_____ is the ice crystal layer under the snow

_______ can lower their internal body temperature so that they don't waste energy trying to stay warm

_______ is when an animal enters a deep sleep and lowers their body temperature

Snakes are ectotherms & they survive by going below the frost line and becoming _______

Turtles and frogs survive winter by:

Wooly bear caterpillar uses ______ to survive the winter

All adult ______ die in the winter, however their eggs survive the winter

______ has no water or sometimes has antifreeze

_____ has a gall with insects inside that can freeze

Wood frogs, Spring peepers, Chorus frog are all:

Painted turtles' eggs survive the winter because they are:

______ go under periods of lethargy in trees or dens

Chipmunks go under long periods of ______ during the winter

Bats go under periods of _____ during the winter

During the winter black bears go into:

A _________ is an example of a true hibernator:

______ is a bear's rectal plug to stop them from pooping in winter

True or False: Jumping mice are true hibernators

True or False: Snowshoe hares have small hind legs to help them traverse in the winter

_______ are when animals walk in a single file line through the snow to make a path

______ & _______ use their bodies as toboggans and slide

Song birds & Canada goose do this for the winter

True or False: Butterflies (monarch), dragonflies, and bats all migrate for the winter

True or False: Red Knots have a 26,000km round trip for migration

_____ can double their body weight in 10 days

_____ migrate at night because there are less predators, less wind, and the air cools them down

True or False: Blue jays migrate at night

Turkey Vultures conserve energy when flying by:

True or False: Birds can navigate using the earth's magnet field

_____ is how they learnt about birds migration by attaching trackers to their legs

Motus is:

_____ is what plants become for winter. They do this by getting rid of all excess water in leaves and drawing all the water out of their cells

Plants become cold hardy through:

Acclamation is triggered by:

This plant can heat up and melt the snow around it

This insect uses the obelisk position to create shade in hot temperatures

This animal stands on its tippy toes to keep its body away from hot sand

Foxes and birds _____ to cool down

Evaporative cooling is used by:

True or False: Turkey Vultures poop on their legs to cool themselves down

Mourning dove keep cool by:

An animal who eats dead plants is a:

True or False: Clams are filter feeders

True or False: Adult Black Flies are filter feeders

Dabblers and Puddle ducks eat by:

The long tongue used by insects to get nectar from plants is called:

Humming birds use the _______ to extend their tongue

Insects use ______ to puncture plants to get their juices

Slugs and Snails use the _______ to break plant tissue to eat

Caterpillars use _________ to eat

Mamal's teeth that never stop growing and self sharpen are called:

Moose use these to grind up their food:

The muscles used by a Moose to grind up its food is called:

An ____________ is when two different animals have structures that perform the same function but are from different origins

(ex: birds and insects both have wings to fly)

_____ have a gizzard instead of teeth to break down their food

______ & ______ produce enzymes to break down the plants they eat

This insect does not produce enzymes to break down their food so they poop a lot and eat 10 times their body weight

Moose don't have enzymes to break down their food so they have _______ to break down their food

_______ is when a moose coughs up cud and then chews it again

_____ is when you eat your own poop

______ are fruit eating specialists

Seed Dispersers are:

_______ uses its funny shaped bill to pry open pinecones to get the seeds from inside

True or False: Red Squirrels are able to use their incisors to open up cones and get the seeds from inside

What is an MFO

True or False: Redheaded pine sawflies only eat pine needles

______ only eat a certain plant

______ eat a variety of food

Balsam fir and leaves are low in this nutrient

Moose eat _____ because they are high in sodium

True or False: Watershield has 500 times more sodium than land plants

______ eats an animal without killing it

______ eat dead animals

True or False:

Hawks have large eyes to allow more light in

Have a large number of cones in eyes to help see better

Can magnify their vision 2-3 times

Have their eyes placed on the front of their head for depth perception

Have a Retina Fovea to help find targets

True or False:

Owls have large eyes to let more light in

Have Glycogen- Rich rods in eyes to allow them to see better at night

Have eyes placed on the front of their head for good depth perception

Have a large blind spot so they are able to turn their head 270°

True or False: Dragonflies are visual hunters

_____ have their eyes half above water half under

This type of spider can move its retina to change its field of view

_____ spiders ambush their prey

True or False: owls use their facial disks to capture sound

True or False: Owls ears are placed symmetrically on their head

_____ & ______ use echolocation to track their food

What is the Olfactory sense?

______ is when an animal stands still and uses its Olfactory sense

Snakes use ______ to "smell" with their tongue

Raccoons touch sensitive paws are called:

Otter's whiskers are called:

Orb Weaving Spiders build _______ webs that are called _______

_______ spiders make horizontal webs at ground level or in tree crevasses