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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is it called when a tooth is fused to the alveolar bone?
What has the tooth lost in order for this to happen? |
Ankylosis
PDL |
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How is Ankylosis Initiated?
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Infection or trauma to the PDL
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The excessive formation of cementum around the root of a tooth after the tooth has erupted.
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Hypercementosis
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How is hypercementosis initiated?
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Trauma, metabolic dysfunction, or periapical inflammation
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The fusion or growing together of two adjacent teeth at the root through the cementum only.
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Concrescence
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Supernumary tooth between the maxillary centrals
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Mesiodens
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How does the max. arch generally compare with the mand. arch?
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It is slightly longer
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The sum of the M-D diameter of the maxillary teeth is about _____.
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128 mm
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The sum of the M-D diameter of the mandibular teeth is about _____.
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126 mm
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In general the primary arch is more _____ than the permanent arch.
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Circular
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The abnormal or pathologic wearing away of tooth structure by mechanical means.
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Attrition
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Caused by the use of a hard toothbrush and/or a horizontal brushing stroke and/or a gritty dentrifice.
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Toothbrush Abrasion
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What features most often occurs from toothbrush abrasion?
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V-shaped wedges at the cervical margin in the canines and pre-molars
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What is caused by chewing or biting hard foods or objects or chewing tobacco?
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Occlusal Abrasion
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What features does occlusal abrasion result in?
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Flattened cusps on all posterior teeth and worn incisal edges.
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The wearing away of enamel and dentin from the normal function or, more commonly, from excessive grinding or gritting together of teeth.
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Attrition (Bruxism)
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What are the most noticeable effects of attrition?
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Polished facets
flat incisal edges discolored tooth surface exposed dentin |
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Where do facets from attrition usually develop?
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linguoincisal of Max. central incisors
facioincisal of mand. canines linguoincisal of max. canines |
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The loss of tooth structure from chemical or non-mechanical means
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Erosion
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What does erosion result from?
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Drinking acidic liquids or eating acidic foods.
Bulimic individuals do to stomach acids |
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What surfaces are most affected in erosion?
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Smooth (esp. Lingual) and occlusal surfaces
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What vitamin deficiency can be involved in cleft lip/ palate/
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Vitamin B folic acid
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What are the chemical agents capable of causing developmental abnormalities in utero called?
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Teratogens
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Developmental abnormalities is related to the _____ and _____ of teratogen involvement.
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Type, Time
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What is the length of time in which the fetus is most sensitive to teratogen attack?
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First trimester
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What teratogens are associated with cleft lip and palate?
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Aspirin, valium, dilantin, smoking
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What teratogens are associated with Microcephaly, hydrocephaly, microphthalmia?
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Cytomegalovirus, toxoplasma
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What teratogens are associated with Central mid-face discrepency?
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Ethyl alcohol
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What teratogens are associated with microphthalmia, cataracts, deafness?
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Rubella virus
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What teratogens are associated with microcephaly?
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X-rays
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What teratogens are associated with premature suture closure?
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Vitamin D excess
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Meaning teeth with different morphologies and function.
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Heterodont
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To produce two sets of teeth
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Diphyodont
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Having one set of teeth
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Monophyodont
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Teeth continually being replaced
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Polyphyodont (fish, amphibians, reptiles)
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Teeth are all alike
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Homodont
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Having long teeth
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Hypsodont
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Developmental abnormality characterized by the total absence of teeth is called what?
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Anodontia
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What are the two forms of anodontia called/
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Complete true
Partial anodontia |
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What are the characteristics of complete true anodontia?
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Rare
All teeth missing May involve primary and permanent Usu. associated w/ hereditary ectodermal dysplasia |
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What is another name for Partial anodontia?
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Congenitally missing teeth
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What are the characteristics of partial anodontia?
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Common
Teeth affected are: - third molars (max. more than mand.) - Max. lateral incisors - Mand. Second Pre-molars |
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As a general rule, if only one or a few teeth are missing, the absent tooth will be the most _____ tooth of any given type.
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Distal (If molar will be third molar)
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Congenital absence of many, but not all teeth
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Oligiodontia
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Absence of only a few teeth
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Hypodontia
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What can cause an anterior open bite and overjet, labial flare of max. anterior teeth, and a high palatal vault?
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Pressure of the thumb against the palate and Max. teeth during growth and development
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Characterized by failure of the teeth in both arches to meet properly.
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Open Bite
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Where can open bites be observed?
What is it attributed to? |
Anterior or Posterior regions
Supraeruption of adjacent teeth or Infraeruption of teeth in the area in question |
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What can open bites be caused by besides thumb sucking?
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Deviant growth patterns or a forward tongue position
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What nationality is open bites more common in?
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African Americans
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What nationality is deep bites more common in?
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Caucasions
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What can persistent thumb sucking result in ?
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Protrusion of Max. incisors
Constriction of Max. arch Lingual inclination of Mand. incisors Rotation of Max. lateral incisors Class II malocclusions |
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How is mouth breathing typically presented clinically?
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- Gingiva of facial aspect of Maxillary Anterior is red, edematous and bleeding
- Area is widest in midline and tapers laterally |
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Someone with hypocalcification has a _____ quantity of enamel and would describe it as _____.
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Normal, Soft
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Hereditary dental defect in which the enamel of the teeth is soft and undercalcified in context yet normal in quantity.
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Enamel hypocalcification
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What is enamel hypocalcification caused by?
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Defective maturation of ameloblasts (defect in mineralization of the formed matrix)
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What are the characteristics of enamel hypocalcification?
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Teeth are chalky
Surfaces wear down rapidly Yellow-brown stains appear as underlying dentin is exposed |
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What teeth are affected by enamle hypocalcification?
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Both deciduous and permanent teeth
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Developmental defect in which the enamel of the teeth is hard in context but thin and deficient in amount.
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Enamel hypoplasia
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What causes enamel hypoplasia?
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Defective enamel matrix formation with a deficiency in the cementing substance
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What are the characteristics of enamel hypoplasia?
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Lack of contact between teeth
Rapid breakdown of occlusal surfaces Yellow-brown stain appears with exposed dentin |
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What environmental factors can bring about enamel hypoplasia?
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Vitamin deficiency
Fluorosis Metabolic disturbances during prenatal period (Also genetically transferred) |
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What is hypoplastic enamel a dental manifestation of?
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Hypoparathyroidism
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What is the early treatment of hypoparathyroidism and thus hypoplastic enamel?
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Vitamin D
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The condition which typically causes mottled discoloration and pitting of the enamel of permanent and deciduous teeth and results from excessive, prolonged ingestion of fluoride.
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Fluorosis
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What surfaces have a trapezoidal outline?
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Lingual and facial of all teeth
Proximal surfaces of Max. posterior crowns |
