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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is another name for the Mark-1 kit?
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The NAAK: Nerve Agent Antidote Kit.
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Militaries are now transitioning to an autoinjector, the ATNAA (Antidote Treatment Nerve Agent Autoinjector)
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What is the functional class of the Mark-1 kit?
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Atropine: parasympatholytic
Pralidoxime chloride: cholinesterase reactivator |
Other oximes such as obidoxime and asoxime can also be used to restore enzyme functionality.
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What is the mechanism of action of the Mark-1 kit?
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- Atropine counters the parasympathetic response from muscarinic receptor over-stimulation associated with organophosphate and nerve agent poisoning, thus alleviating "SLUDGEM" symptoms.
- Pralidoxime chloride reactivates acetylcholinesterase by binding to it and subsequently releasing the phosphoryl group associated with the poisoning. |
The US military issued servicemembers three Mark-1 kits with one CANA kit (Convulsive Antidote, Nerve Agent) containing diazepam.
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What are the listed indications for the Mark-1 kit?
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Organophosphate and nerve agent poisoning in mass casualty incidents
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The Mark-1 kit is only effectve against Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD) and VX.
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What are the listed contraindications for the Mark-1 kit?
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None in the emergency setting
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Some sources list pediatric patients under the age of three as being relatively contraindicated.
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What are the listed precautions for the Mark-1 kit?
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- Mark-1 kits offer no prophylactic protection and should be administered only if signs and symptoms are present
- Mark-1 kits do not treat fasiculations associated with nicotinic receptor over-stimulation |
Diazepam is the drug of choice for treating fasciculations.
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What are the listed side effects for the Mark-1 kit?
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- Dry mouth
- Flushing - Pupil dilation - Tachycardia |
When atropine and pralidoxime are used together, these signs of atropinization may occur earlier than might be expected when atropine is used alone.
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What is the dosage and route of the Mark-1 kit?
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Each kit contains:
- Atropine 2mg - Pralidoxime chloride 600mg Minor initial symptoms: - One Mark-1 kit IM via autoinjector If severe symptoms appear within 10 minutes of first dose, administer an additional: - Two Mark-1 kits IM via autoinjector If severe symptoms are present initially administer: - Three Mark-1 kits IM via autoinjector |
The military instructs that administration (to self or others) of antidote kits should be performed after donning appropriate protective gear.
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In what order are the two tubes of the Mark-1 kit administered?
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Tube one (atropine) is always administered before tube two
(pralidoxime chloride). |
The alternative ATNAA (Antidote Treatment Nerve Agent Autoinjector) contains the two medications separately but administers them simultaneously.
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