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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Goodpasture syndrome |
◆Anti-glomerul basement membrane anti-GBM antibody against type IV collagen ◆IgG deposit on renal biopsy ◆HLA27 ◆Rapid progressive glomerulonephritis ◆Normal complementlevel ◆Haemoptsis + renal failure ◆plasma exchange , steroidb, cyclosphisphamide |
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Glomerulonephritis & low complement |
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ANCA positive vasculitis - Wegener's granulomatosis |
Rapid progressive glomerulonephritis |
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Mixed essential Cryoglobulinemia |
◆Palpable purpura , proteinuria , hematuria , arthralgia , hepatosplenomegaly & hypocomplementemia ◆HCV + |
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Alport's syndrome |
◆X-linked dominant ◆Defect 4 collagen Recurrent hematuria Sensorineural deafness Family history renal disease |
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Membranoproliferative - mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis |
Cryoglobulinaemia HCV Partial lipodystrophy ◆Positive for C3 not immunoglobulin persistent activation of the alternative complement pathway |
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Minimal change glomerulonephritis |
◆Podocyte fusion ◆Nephrotic syndrome ◆HTN & hematuria is rare ◆Only cancer -lymphoma |
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Diffuse prolifrative GN |
Post-streptoccal SLE |
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Membranous glomerulonephritis Focal segmental GN |
◆Membranous glomerulonephritis Related to malignancy ◆Focal segmental GN related to HIV |
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IgA nephropathy |
◆after URI wothin 5 days adult ◆Histological = mesangial hypercellularity + posarive IgA C3 ◆Macroscopic heamaturia , male ◆Coeliac disease ◆henoch-schonlein purpura ◆Alcoholic cirrhosis |
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Renal tubular acidosis |
Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis - Normal anion gap ◆RTA type1 : hypokalaemia , nephrocalcinosis & renal stone , RA , SLE , sjogren's ◆RTA2 : hypokslemia , osteomalacia RTA: hyperkalaemia |
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Renal & prerenal uraemia |
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Stag-horn calculi |
Composed of struvite -magnesium ammonium phosphate |
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Benign recurrent hematuria Thin basement membrane nephropayhy |
Familial , microscopic |
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Acute interstitial nephritis |
Ren tubule & intetstitium following exposure to drug ◆Penicilin , cephalosporine , sulphonamide ◆Fever , rash , arthralgia ◆WBC cast present , RBC cast rare |
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UTI |
Dipstick = Leukocyte esterase + nitrites |
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Wilms tumor , nephroblastoma |
Primary renal neoplasm ◆Asymptomatic abdominal mass , hematuria ◆Ab U/S ◆surgery , Chemotherapy , radiation |
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Henoch-Schonein purpura Mesangial deposition of IgA |
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Focal segmental GN |
◆Cause end stage renal disease ◆Oedema , hematuria , ◆Mesangial scleosis ◆Heroin , alport syndrome , SCD , HIV , idiopathic |
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Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia |
Autosomal dominant - mutation calcium-sensing receptor ◆⬇Urinary calcium excration ◆Complicated pancreatitis , chondrocalcinosis |
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ًrenal tubular acidosis |
◆nonanion gap metabolic acidosis for all type of RTA ◆Type1 = Defect hydrogen excretion hypokalemia , related to RA,SLE,sjogren Comp: nephrocalcinosis , stone
◆Type2 ◆Defect bicorbonate resorption in the kidney , hypokalemia , Comp: osteomalacia , fanconi
◆Type4 ⬇bicorbonate resorption ,hyperkalamia , DM
◆Failure to thrive due to chronic normal anion gab metabolic acidosis ◆Treatment oral bicorbonate replacement |
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Oliguria |
Urine < 250 ml in 24 hours |
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Iatrogenic hyponatremia |
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Renal cell carcinoma |
Ct scan |
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Anion gap metabolic acisosis |
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Postictal lactic acidosis |
Skeletal muscle hypoxia ◆Transiet self limiting resolve within 90 minutes |
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Primary polydipdsia |
◆Serum osmalarity => 290 ◆urine osmalarity < 100 ◆psychiatric condition |
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Primary adrenal insufficiency |
Addison disease ◆Aldosterone deficiency ◆Non-anion gap hyperkalemic , hyponatremic metabolic acidosis ◆⬇Cortisol ,⬆ACTH |
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Systemic osmatic demylination syndrome |
Treated hyponatremia , by 3% hypertonic saline more than .5 /hrs |
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Ethylene glycol poisining |
Metabolic acidosis with anion & osmolal gap ◆Renal failure ◆Urine = rectangular envelope shaped crystals |
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Nephrotic syndrome due to amyloidosis |
AA amyloidosis due to RA ◆MM , nonhodging lymphoma ◆Biopsy = stain with congo red ◆Apple-green birefringence under polarized light ◆ |
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Rapid progressive GI |
◆Crescent formation autoimmune |
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Aspirine toxicity |
◆Tinnitus & vertigo , fever tacypnea Cause = mixed respiratory alkolosis , metabolic acidosis due to ⬆production ,⬇eliminatiom of organic acid ◆Near normal pH |
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Hepatorenal syndyome |
In pt with liver cirrhosis ◆Splanchnic arterial dilation ◆⬇ GFR , Reduced renal perfusion ◆No response to volume resucitation ◆ARF + ⬇urine Na level = acute renal tubular necrosis |
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ARF with rhabdomyolysis |
Myoglobinuria = large amount blood & absence RBCs on urine microscopy ◆⬆⬆Creatine phosphokinase |
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Hypovolumia due to A.pancreatitis |
⬆Renin angiotensin system Vasoconstriction , Na & water reabsorption |
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Neurogenic bladder dysfunction |
◆Urinary retention , distended bladder ◆Overflow incontinance with post-void residual valume |
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Uric acid estone |
Reduced recurrency by alkalazation of urine by K citrate |
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Manegment of hyperkalamia |
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Urine cast |
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Drug faciliate stone passage |
Alpha-1 receptor blocker as tamsulosin |
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Diabetes insipidus DI |
Euvolemic hypernatremia ◆Severe polyuria & mild hypernatrimia ◆⬆serum osmalarity ◆Complate u.o >300 ◆Partial u.o 300-600 ◆Central ID = ⬇ADH ◆Nephrogenic = drug lithium , hypercalcemia , |
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Nephrotic syndrome |
◆Proteniuria , ◆hypoalbumineria ◆edema ◆hyperlipidemia & lipiduria |
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Hypercalcemia |
Cause weakness , GI distress , neurosychiatric symptoms |
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Pt with Ca calculi |
◆⬆Fluid intake ◆⬇Na intake ◆Normal Ca intake |
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Hematuria |
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Papillary necrosis |
NSAID , SCD renal medullary carcinoma , analgesia , infection , DM |
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Gordon dyndrome |
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Bartter syndrome |
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Thiazide diuretics ( chlortholidone , hydrocholothiazide ) |
Impair insulin release from pancrease & glucose utilization ◆Effect = dose dependent ◆⬆LDL cholesterol , plasma triglyceride , hyperuricemia ◆Hyponatremia , hypokalemia , hypomagnesimia , hypercalcemia |
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Na nitropusside |
Cyanide toxicity ◆Headache , confusion , arrhythmias , flushing , respiratory depression |
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SIADH |
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Vesicoureteral reflux |
First UTI u/s Second = voiding cystourethrogram |
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Nephrotic vrs nephritic syndrome |
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Acute tubular necrosis |
◆ACI ◆Muddy brown granular cast |
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Refractary hypokalemia |
Due to hypomagnesemia mainly in chronic alcoholic |
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Renal stone |
◆75-95% kidney stone = Ca oxalate - SBD , malabdorption ◆ |
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Acute interstitial nephritis |
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Alport syndrome |
◆X-linked dominant , defect type4 collagen ◆Recurent hematuria ,protenuria ◆family history , deaffness ◆Biopsy = alterating thin &tick capillary loob with splitting GBM |
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Metabolic alkolosis |
◆Saline responsive = ⬇urine coliride ◆Saline nonresponsive = normal urine choliride |
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Cyanide poisning |
Venous &arterial blood contain same oxygen content |
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Hyposthenuria |
Inability of the kidney to concentrate urine ◆SCD , SCT , ◆Pt with polyuria , ⬇urine specific gravity , normal serum sodium |
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ADPKD |
Major extrarenal complication ◆IC Berry aneurysm 5-10% ◆hepatic cyst ◆Valvular heart disease ◆colonic diverticula ◆Abdominal wall &I. hernia |
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Nephrotic syndrome |
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Posterior urethral valve |
Prenatal U/S bilateral hydronephrosis , hydroureter , ◆Oligohydrominous ◆Pulmonary hypoplasia , postnatal RD |
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Nephrosclerosis due to htn |
Initimal thikening and Luminal narrowing of renal arteriole with evidence os sclerosis |
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Urine incontinance |
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Tubulointerstitial nephritis |
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APDGN |
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Diabetic nephropathy |
Nodular glomeruloscletosis kimmelstiel-wilson nodule is pathogonomic ◆Tteatment , glycemic control , treat htn , angiotensin axis blockade |
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Membrabous nephropathy |
◆HBV |
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Crystalluria with renal tubular obstruction |
◆⬆Dose IV acyclovir , fluid reduce risk |
