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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
asymmetric communication
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Communication in which data travels in the download direction at a speed different from the speed of the upload direction.
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Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
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A digital telecommunications technology that uses different speeds for downloading and uploading data.
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asynchronous
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A communication method that sends data in a stream with start and stop bits that indicate where data begins and ends.
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Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
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An ISDN version that provides two 64 Kbps B-channels. Generally used for remote connections.
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baud
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A measurement of modem speed that describes the number of state transitions occurring per second on an analog phone line.
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Binary Synchronous (bisync)
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One of the primary synchronous communication protocols.
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bridges
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Networking devices that work at the Data Link layer of the OSI model. They filter traffic according to a packet’s hardware destination address.
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bridging table
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A reference table created by a bridge to track hardware addresses and to track on which network segment each address is located.
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Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)
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An ISDN variation that supports much higher data rates than standard ISDN and works with other technologies, such as ATM, SONET, and frame relay.
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broadcast storm
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A phenomenon that occurs when a network device malfunctions and floods the network with broadcast packets.
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Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU)
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A device that links a computer or network to a DDS communications link.
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Committed Information Rate (CIR)
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A guaranteed minimum transmission rate offered by the service provider.
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customer premises equipment (CPE)
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The equipment at the customer site that’s usually the responsibility of the customer.
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cut-through switching
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The fastest switching method, in which the switch reads only enough of the incoming frame to determine where to forward the frame.
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data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE)
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The device that sends data to (and receives data from) the local loop, usually a CSU/DSU or modem.
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data terminal equipment (DTE)
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The device that passes data from the customer LAN to the DCE, usually a router.
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demarcation point
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The point at which the CPE ends and the provider’s equipment responsibility begins.
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Dial-Up Networking (DUN)
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The Windows program (beginning with Windows 95) that allows connectivity to servers running RAS or RRAS.
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Digital Data Service (DDS)
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A type of point-to-point synchronous communication link offering 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, or 56 Kbps transmission rates.
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digital modem
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A hardware device used to transmit digital signals across an ISDN link.
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distance-vector algorithm
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One method of determining the best route available for a packet. Distance-vector protocols count the number of routers (hops) between the source and destination. The best path has the least number of hops.
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dynamic routing
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The process by which routers dynamically learn from each other the available paths.
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fractional T1
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One or more of the 24 channels (but not all) of a T1 connection.
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fragment-free switching
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A switching method in which the switch reads in enough of the frame to guarantee that the frame is not less than the minimum frame size allowed for the network type.
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frame fragment
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A frame error that occurs because the frame is less than the allowable minimum size for the network type. A frame fragment usually occurs because of a collision or a device malfunction.
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frame relay
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A point-to-point permanent virtual circuit (PVC) technology that offers WAN communications over a fast, reliable, digital packet-switching network
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gateway
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A networking device that translates information between protocols or between completely different networks, such as from TCP/IP to SNA.
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High-level Data Link Control (HDLC)
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One of the primary synchronous communication protocols.
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hop
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A packet traveling through a router on its way to the destination network.
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Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
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A WAN technology that offers increments of 64 Kbps connections,most often used by SOHO (small office/home office) users.
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last mile
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The connection between a WAN’s demarcation point and the central office (CO). See also local loop.
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line conditioning
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A feature that sustains a consistent transmission rate, improves overall quality, and reduces interference noise levels.
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link-state algorithm
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A method used by routers to determine a packet’s best path. In addition to the number of routers involved, routers using link-state algorithms take network traffic and link speed into account to determine the best path.
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local loop
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The connection between a WAN’s demarcation point and the central office (CO). See also last mile.
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metric
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A value that describes the distance to the destination network.
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modem
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A device computers use to convert digital signals to analog signals for transmission over telephone lines. The receiving computer then converts the analog signals to digital signals.
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multiplexing
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A technology that enables several communication streams to travel simultaneously over the same cable segment
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packet assembler/disassembler (PAD)
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A device that supports X.25 communications for low-speed, character-based terminals.
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permanent virtual circuits (PVCs)
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Pathways between two communication points that are established as permanent logical connections
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plain old telephone service (POTS)
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Also known as PSTN, the normal telephone communications system. See also public switched telephone network (PTSN).
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
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A remote access protocol that supports many protocols, including IP, NetBEUI, and IPX.
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Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
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An ISDN version that provides 23 64-Kbps B-channels.
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propagation delay
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Signal delay created when a number of repeaters connect in a line. To prevent this, many network architectures limit the number of repeaters on a network.
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public data networks (PDNs)
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WAN services, usually provided by private companies, for the purpose of enabling WAN technologies, such as X.25.
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public switched telephone network (PSTN)
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Another term for the public telephone system.
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pulse code modulation (PCM)
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A technique for digitizing analog signals. PCM introduces less noise into the signal than traditional modulation/demodulation techniques, thus boosting the total number of bits per second.
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routers
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Networking devices that operate at the Network layer of the OSI model. A router connects networks with different physical media and translates between different network architectures, such as token ring and Ethernet.
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routing table
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A reference table that includes network information and the next router in line for a particular path.
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Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
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The dial-up protocol originally used to connect PCs directly to the Internet.
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source-routing bridges
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A type of bridge used in IBM token ring networks that learns its bridging information from information in the frame’s structure.
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static routing
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A type of routing in which the router is configured manually with all possible routes.
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store-and-forward switching
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A switching method in which the switch reads the entire frame to check for errors before forwarding the frame.
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switched 56K
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Digital point-to-point leased communication links offered by local and long-distance telcos. Lease terms are based on per-minute use charges, not on 24-hour, seven-day dedicated circuits.
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switched virtual circuits (SVCs)
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A communication circuit that’s established when needed and then terminated when the transmission is completed.
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Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)
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A digital telecommunications technology that uses equivalent speeds for downloading and uploading data.
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synchronous
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A communication method in which computers rely on exact timing and sync bits to maintain data synchronization.
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Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
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One of the primary synchronous communication protocols.
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T1
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A DDS technology that uses two two-wire pairs to transmit full-duplex data signals at a maximum rate of 1.544 Mbps.
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T3
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A communication line that has 28 T1s or 672 channels and supports a data rate of 44.736 Mbps.
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translation bridges
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A type of bridge that can translate between network architectures.
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transparent bridges
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Generally used in Ethernet networks, these bridges build their bridging tables automatically as they receive packets.
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virtual circuits
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A logical sequence of connections with bandwidth allocated for a specific transmission pathway.
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virtual local area networks (VLANs)
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A feature of switches that allows network administrators to group users and resources logically, regardless of their physical location.
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V-series
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The ITU standards that specify how data communication takes place over the telephone network.
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What is the most definitive diagnostic tool for thyroid CA?
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Thyrogen
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