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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The cingulate gyrus is involved in what 3 things? Where is it located?
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1. Emotion and motivation
2. Addictive behaviors 3. Emotional response to pain *anterior and superior to the anterior corpus callosum |
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The Foramen of Monroe separates what two areas?
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The lateral ventricles and the third ventricle.
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The thalamus processes sensory input except for information regarding one sense - what is it? What else is this area involved in?
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*it does not process olfactory input
*linked to cerebellum for regulation of motor control |
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What is the anterior commissure? Where is it located?
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*A bundle of axons that interconnects regions of the temporal lobe
*anterior to the thalamus |
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Where is Broca's area located?
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At the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe; in the left hemisphere in 98% of people.
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Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?
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At the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe
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Why is white matter colored white?
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It is composed largely of axons which are surrounded by fatty myelin sheaths.
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Where is Wernicke's area? What does it do?
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The superior temporal gyrus, in the left hemisphere in 98% of the population. It is involved in langauge.
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What is the function of the insula?
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Visceral and autonomic function, including taste and pain.
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What are the opercula?
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Overhanging pieces of cortex from the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes which cover the insula.
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What is the uncus? What is a potentially life-threatening complication involving this structure?
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*the medial protrusion of the parahippocampal gyrus which overlies the amygdala
*it is likely to herniate when IC pressure is increased and press on the midbrain |
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List two functions of the cerebellum.
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1. Motor coordination
2. Non-declarative learning |
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With what are the superior and inferior colliculi involved? Where are they located?
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*Superior colliculi - vision
*Inferior colliculi - audition *on the midbrain tectum |
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Where is the lingula? What is represented here?
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*It is the region of the occipital lobe just inferior to the calcarine sulcus
*the contralateral upper visual field |
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Where is the cuneus? What is represented here?
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*the region of the occipital lobe just superior to the calcarine sulcus
*the lower contralateral visual field |
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What are the four regions of the corpus callosum?
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1. Rostrum - front part
2. Genu 3. Body 4. Splenium - caudal part |
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What region of the body is represented by the paracentral lobule? Where is this structure?
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*the legs
*the medial surface of the pre- and postcentral gyri |
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What is the fornix? Where does it run?
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*a system of axons
*from the hippocampus forward and medially backward to the mammillary bodies |
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What does CN III do?
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The occulomotor nerve provides motor innervation to all of the extraocular muscles except the lateral rectus and superior oblique.
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For what function are Layers II and IV of the cerebral cortex specialized?
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Reception of sensory information.
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What does it mean that the primary sensory and motor cortex are laid out with somatropic organization?
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They are laid out in an orderly fashion such that spatial relationships are maintained.
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A lesion to the precentral gyrus close to the lateral fissure would have what effects?
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Motor impairment of the face and tongue.
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T/F:
Spinal sensory nerves synapse in the dorsal root ganglia. |
False:
Though the cell bodies of these nerves are located here, there are no synaptic connections. |
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Describe the shape of cross sections taken from the cervical versus thoracic regions of the spinal cord.
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*cervical sections are more oval
*thoracic sections are more round |
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In which sections of the spinal cord is the lateral horn present?
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T1-L2.
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What kind of cells make up the intermediolateral cell column? What implications does this have?
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*Sympathetic preganglionic neurons
*all sympathetic outflow generated in the brain must travel down to the thoracic spinal cord |
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Name 4 specific deficits that can be caused by damage to the cerebellum.
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1. Intention tremor
2. Poor coordination 3. Nystagmus 4. Disrupted equilibrium |
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What happens to cell bodies of neurons whose axons have been cut?
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They become swollen, chromatolysis occurs, RER degenrates, and nucleus becomes eccentrically located.
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What happens to the distal portion of an axon that has been severed?
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The severed axons and terminals degenerate and are able to take a reduced silver stain.
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Where is the cortical center for somatosensation?
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Postcentral gyrus
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Where is the cortical center for vision?
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Banks of calcarine sulcus.
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Where is the cortical center for audition?
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Transverse temporal gyri
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Where is the cortical center for olfaction?
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Uncus and anterior temporal lobe
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Where is the cortical center for gustation?
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The insula and vicinity.
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Where is the somatic motor cortex?
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Precentral gyrus
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Where are the cortical centers for speech and language?
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Broca's and Wernicke's areas on the left side.
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What are two recognizable features of the pons viewed in cross section?
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*rostral sections show laminated striations
*caudal sections show clumping |
