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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what do hypothalamic projections to limbic structures do when it is hot?
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- limbic structures give you the drive to do something about being so hot - turn on AC, take cold shower, etc
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what are the divisions of the hypothalamus and what do they contain?
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- anterior region: preoptic & supraoptic
- tuberal region: above pituitary stalk - posterior region: mammillary body |
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what are the circumventricular organs? what is an example of one?
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- organs outside the blood brain barrier (have fenestrated capillaries)
- median eminence |
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how does the hypothalamus control the autonomic nervous system?
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- descending tracts - this is why it makes sense that in lateral medullary or pons syndromes you hit the descending symapthetics you get horners
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where do parasympathetic tracts descend in the hypothalamus? sympathetic?
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- parasympathetic = anterior
- sympathetic = posterior |
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what does the preoptic & anterior hypothalamus do to autonomic nervous system?
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- decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure (parasympathetic)
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what does lateral & posterior hypothalamus do to autonomic nervous system?
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- increase heart rate, increase blood pressure (sympathetic)
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where does the hypothalamus synapse for the autonomics?
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- descend to parasympathetic preganglionics in craniosacral region
- descend and synapse on the IML of spinal cord containing sympathetic preganglionics |
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what does magnocellular secrete? from what nuclei? which pituitary does it work on?
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- secrete oxytocin & vasopressin from paraventricular & supraoptic nuclei
- acts on posterior pituitary |
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what is the parvicellular system (humoral)? which pituitary does it work on?
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- uses fenestrated capillaries in median eminence to send releasing & inhibiting factors
- regulate AP |
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what else is the magnocellular system called? what do these hormones do?
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- neurohypophyseal system
- vasopressin: water resorption by kidney - oxytocin: milk letdown, uterine contraction, pair bonding |
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what are the axons carrying releasing & inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus referred to as?
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- tuberoinfundibular or tuberohypophyseal tract
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what is the lactation reflex?
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- afferent = neural to supraoptic & paraventricular nuclei
- efferent = hormonal release of oxytocin |
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what are the 5 releasing or inhibiting hormones coming from the hypothalamus?
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1) LHRH
2) GHRH 3) SST 4) CRH 5) TRH |
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what is in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus?
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- temperature regulation, male sexual behavior, parental response, sexual dimorphic nucleus
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what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
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- clock of the brain - day/night - receives input from the retina
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the anterior & preoptic area are important for what? posterior is important for what? (with regards to heat)
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- anterior & preoptic are important for heat dissipation (sweating & cutaneous dilation)
- posterior is important for heat conservation (vasoconstriction & shivering) |
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what is the ventromedial & lateral ares of the hypothalamus?
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- ventromedial: satiety center
- lateral: feeding center |
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what happens if you lesion the ventromedial nucleus? what happens if you lesion the lateral nucleus?
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- ventromedial: end up with obese animal
- lateral: end up with anorexic cat with no drive to eat |
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what happens with decreased leptin levels?
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- increased orexigenic peptides - stimulate feeding behavior (via lateral hypothalamus)
- decreased metabolism (inhibit ACTH & TSH to slow metabolism) |
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what happens with elevated leptin levels?
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- stimulation of anorexic peptides to inhibit feeding (inhibit lateral hypothalamus)
- increased metabolism via ACTH & TSH to increase metabolism |
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lesions in the mammillary body result in what?
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- Korsakoff's syndrome
- confabulatory amnesia - associated with poor diet & alcoholism |