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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 main receptors of sensation?
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Conscious
Unconscious |
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What are categories of conscious receptors?
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Exteroreceptors
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What are categories of unconscious receptors?
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Enteroceptors
Proprioceptors |
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What are some different types of Exteroreceptors?
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Somatic Receptors (including conscious proprioception)
Telereceptors |
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What are some different types of Proprioceptors?
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Position Sense (posture)
Kinesthesia (movement) |
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What is defined by: The difference in magnitude necessary to discriminate a reference stimulus from a second stimulus increased above the intensity above the reference stimulus
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Detectability
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What is defined by a conversion and amplification of sensory stimulus energy into an electrical (neural signal). Receptor stimulation leads to a generator potential
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Transduction
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What does sensory receptor coding and processing depend upon?
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1. Intensity of sensation - adequate stimulus
2. Detectability 3. Transduction |
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What are the fuctions of generator potentials?
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Generator potentials trigger action potentials (thus they are stimulus specific)
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How much depolarization do you need for a generator potential?
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10 mV
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What does a generator stimulus do the a cell membrane?
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Stimulus increases membrane permeability
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How is a generator potential more sensitive than a AP?
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Creates a local current change at the receptor nerve junction
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How are generator potentials summated?
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Generator potentials are graded - proportional to magnitude of stimulus (can be summated)
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What happens as a generator potential gets farther away from the point of stimulus?
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the generator potential decays
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T/F In generator potentials, recognition can be shut off by higher centers (an adaptive response)
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T
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What is defined as a decrease in receptor sensitivity during the course of maintained stimulus
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Adaptation
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What are two different types of adaptation?
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Slow adapting (free nerve endings, merkel's disks, ruffini's endbulbs)
Rapid adapting (meissner's and pacinian corpuscles) |
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What adaption responds best to unchanging stimuli?
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Slow adapting (free nerve endings, merkel's disks, ruffini's endbulbs)
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What adaptation responds best to changing stimuli?
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Rapid adapting (meissner's and pacinian corpuscles)
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What are the different functional types of receptors?
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Mechanoreceptors (touch, pressure, vibration)
Thermoreceptors (hot, cold) Electromagnetic (ex. vision, sound) Chemoreceptors Nociceptors |
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What type of receptors sense Touch, Pressure, Vibration?
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Mechanoreceptors
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What type of receptors sense Hot and Cold?
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Thermoreceptors
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What type of receptors allow us to have vision and hearing?
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Electromagnetic
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What are the different categories of anatomical receptor types?
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Nonencapsulated - (free nerve endings, Merkel's disks, hair follicle receptors)
Encapsulated - (Meisner's Corpuscles) |
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What type of sensation do free nerve endings pick up?
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Pain & Temperature
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What anatomical receptors are found in glabrous skin below epidermis of lips and distal extremities, genitalia; have a low threshold, and are slowly adapting?
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Merkel's disks
slow adapting & respond best to unchanging stimuli. Involved in adaptation. |
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What receptors are stacks of horizontally flattened epithelium beneath epidermis of palms, soles of feet; have a low threshold and rapidly adapting sensitive to touch and vibration?
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Meisner's Corpuscles
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What are anatomical types of Neuromuscular receptors?
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Muscle Spindles & Golgi Tendon Organs
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What type of anatomical receptors are found deep in the dermis of hairy & glabrous skin; hands feet nipples of mammary glands also in mesentaries vessel walls, perosteum & joint capsules; have a low threshold and rapidly adapting to deep pressure and high frequency vibration?
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Pacinian Corpuscles
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What type of anatomical receptors is found in the dermis of hairy and glabrous skin; has a low threshold and slowly adapting stretch receptors?
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Ruffini's Corpuscles
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What do projections of Motor & Sensory Pathways take the form of?
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*Tracts - Functionally homogenous groups of fibers
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What forms do tracts exist as?
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Ascending tracts (sensory)
Descending tracts (motor) |
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What is another name for the posterior column?
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Medial Lemniscal System
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What type of receptors send information up the Posterior Column?
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Meisner's Corpuscles
Pacinian Corpuscles Ruffini Corpuscles Merkel's Endings |
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What are the 1st order cells of the posterior column?
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Posterior Root Ganglion
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What are the tracts of the Posterior Column?
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Fasiculus Gracilis (lower limb)- T7-S5
Fasiculus Cuneatus (upper limb)- C1-T6 |
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Where does the Fasiculus Cuneatus carry information from?
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C1-T6 upper limb
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Where does Fasiculus Gracilis carry information from?
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T7-S5 lower limb
(think what touches grass...feet) |
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Where do crossed fibers ascend to from the Posterior column?
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Medial Lemniscus
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What are the 3rd order cells of the Posterior Column?
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Ventroposteriolateral nucleus of thalamus
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Where do fibers from the posterior column end up?
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Somatosensory cortex
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What senses does the posterior column convey?
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Conscious Proprioception
Discriminative Touch Vibratory Sense (constant awareness of body position) |
