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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is coronary heart disease? |
Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed by the build up of layers of fatty material within them. |
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What does coronary heart disease (CHD) do? This can lead to what? |
It reduces the flow of blood resulting in less oxygen for the heart muscle This can lead to heart attacks |
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Give 5 factors that can affect a persons health |
- Communicable and non communicable diseases - diet - stress - exercise - life situations |
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What 4 treatments can help cardiovascular disease? |
- stents - statins - transplants - replacement of faulty heart valves |
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What is a stent? What are the advantages of stents? What are the disadvantages of stents? |
Stents are inserted into blocked coronary arteries to keep them open Advantages: - They widen the arteries allowing more blood to flow so more oxygen can be supplied to the heart Disadvantages: - Can involve major surgery which risks infection, blood loss, blood clots, damage to blood vessels |
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What are statins? What are advantages of statin? What are disadvantages of statin? |
They are drugs that reduce blood cholesterol levels, slowing down the deposit of fatty material in the arteries Advantages: - no surgery - can prevent CHD from developing Disadvantages: - possible side effects such as muscle pain, headaches, sickness - cannot cure CHD so patient will be on statins for rest of their life |
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What is a transplant? What are the advantages of a transplant? What are the disadvantages of a transplant? |
If a heart fails a donor heart or lungs or artificial hearts can be transplanted. Artificial hearts can be used to keep patients alive who are waiting for a donor or to allow the heart to rest during recovery. Advantages: - can cure serious heart conditions for the long term - treats problems that have no other solution Disadvantages: - transplants may be rejected - lengthy process - major surgery |
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What are faulty heart valves? What are advantages of replacing faulty heart valves? What are disadvantages of replacing faulty heart valves? |
Heart valves that leak or do not fully open can be replaced with biological or mechanical valves Advantages: - long term cure for faulty heart valves Disadvantages: - risk of surgery |
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What are 4 risk factors of non communicable diseases? |
- diet and amount of exercise - alcohol - smoking - carcinogens |
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What diseases can diet and amount of exercise cause? |
- Type 2 diabetes - Cardiovascular disease |
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What diseases can alcohol cause? |
- impaired liver function - impaired brain function - affected development of unborn babies |
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What diseases can smoking cause? |
- lung disease and cancers - affected development of unborn babies |
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What diseases can carcinogens cause? |
Cancers |
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Cancer is the result of what? This can lead to what? |
Changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division by mitosis Rapid division of abnormal cells can form a tumour |
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What are malignant tumours |
Malignant tumours are cancerous and invade other tissues and spread to other parts of the body forming secondary tumours |
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What are benign tumours? |
Benign tumours are non cancerous tumours that do not spread in the body |
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What are similarities of malignant and benign tumours? |
- both constantly dividing to produce more cells - uncontrolled cell growth - both come from damaged DNA - both are tumours - lumps of cells |
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What are differences of benign and malignant tumours? |
Malignant: - cancerous - no membrane - moves around and enters blood stream and invades other healthy tissues or organs - rapid growth
Benign: - non cancerous - membrane - stays localised - does not enter blood stream and go around moving in between tissues and organs - slower growth |
