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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abductor
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Muscle that on contraction draws away from the middle
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adductor
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Muscle that draws a part toward the middle
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amputation
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Surgical or traumatic removal of a limb, part, or other appendage
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antagonist
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Muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle when one contracts the other relaxes.
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aponeurosis
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A strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as fascia to bind muscles together
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ataxia
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Lack of muscular coordination an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements
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atonic
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Pertaining to a lack of normal tone or tension; the lack of normal muscle tone
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atrophy
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Literally means a lack of nourishment; wasting away of muscular tissue that may be caused by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle.
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biceps
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Muscle with two heads or points of origin
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brachialgia
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Pain in the arm
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bradykinesia
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Slowness of motion or movement
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clonic
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Pertaining to alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles
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contraction
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Process of drawing up and thickening of a muscle fiber
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contracture
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Condition in which a muscle shortens and renders the muscle resistant to the normal stretching process. unable to extend due to thickening and tightening
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dactylospasm
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Medical term for cramp of a finger or toe
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dermatomyositis
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Chronic, immunological disease with systemic pathology; inflammation of the muscles and the skin
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diaphragm
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Partition of muscles and membranes that separates the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity. major muscle of breathing
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diathermy
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Treatment using high-frequency current to produce heat within a part of the body
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dystonia
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Condition of impaired muscle tone
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dystrophin
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Protein found in muscle cells.
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dystrophy
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Any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment, often noted by the degeneration of muscles
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exercise
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Performed activity of the muscles for improvement of health or correction of deformity
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fascia
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Thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting or connecting the muscles or inner organs of the body
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fasciitis
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Inflammation of fascia
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fatigue
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State of tiredness occurring in a muscle as a result of repeated contractions
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fibromyalgia syndrome
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Disorder with chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue.
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fibromyitis
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Inflammation of muscle and fibrous tissue
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flaccid
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Lacking muscle tone; weak, soft, and flabby
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hydrotherapy
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Treatment using scientific application of water; types: hot tub, cold bath, whirlpool, and vapor bath
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insertion
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Point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves
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intramuscular
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Pertaining to within a muscle, such as an IM injection
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isometric
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Literally means pertaining to having equal measure; increasing tension of muscle while maintaining equal length
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isotonic
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Pertaining to having the same tone or tension
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levator
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Muscle that raises or elevates a part
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massage
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Kneading that applies pressure and friction to external body tissues
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Muscular dystrophy (MD)
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Refers to a group of genetic disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles that control movement.
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myalgia
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Pain in the muscle
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myasthenia gravis (MG)
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Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body
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myoblast
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(muscle/ immature cell, germ cell); Embryonic cell that develops into a cell of muscle fiber
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myofibroma
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Tumor that contains muscle and fiber
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myograph
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Instrument used to record muscular contractions
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myokinesis
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Muscular motion or activity
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myology
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Study of muscles
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myoma
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Tumor containing muscle tissue
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myomalacia
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Softening of muscle tissue
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myoparesis
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Weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle
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myopathy
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Muscle disease
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myoplasty
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Surgical repair of a muscle
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myorrhaphy
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Surgical suture of a muscle wound
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myosarcoma
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Malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
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myosclerosis
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Abnormal condition of hardening of muscle
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myositis
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Inflammation of muscle tissue, especially skeletal muscles
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myospasm
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Spasmodic contraction of a muscle
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myotome
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Surgical instrument used to cut muscle
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myotomy
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Surgical incision into a muscle
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neuromuscular
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Pertaining to both nerves and muscles
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neuromyopathic
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Pertaining to a disease condition involving both nerves and muscles
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polyplegia
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Paralysis affecting many muscles
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position
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Bodily posture or attitude; the manner in which the patient's body may be arranged for examination
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Type of Patient Position
anatomic |
Body erect, head facing forward, arms by the sides with palms to the front
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Type of Patient Position
dorsal recumbent |
On back with lower extremities flexed and rotated outward
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Type of Patient Position
Fowler |
Head of the bed or examine table is raised about 18 inches or 46cm; patient sitting up with knees also elevated
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Type of Patient Position
knee-chest |
on knees, thighs upright, head and upper part of chest resting on bed or examining table, arms crossed and above head
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Type of Patient Position
lithotomy |
On back with lower extremities flexed and feet placed in stirrups
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Type of Patient Position
orthopneic |
Sitting upright or erect; used for patients with dyspnea, shortness of breath (SOB)
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Type of Patient Position
prone |
Lying face downward; used in examination of the back, injections, and massage
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Type of Patient Position
Sims |
Lying on left side, right knee and thigh flexed well up above left leg that is slightly flexed, left arm behind the body and right arm forward, flexed at elbow
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Type of Patient Position
supine |
Lying flat on back with face upward and arms at the sides
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Type of Patient Position
Trendelenburg |
Body supine on a bed or examine table that is titled at about 45* angle with the head lower than the feet
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prosthesis
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Artificial device used to replace an organ or body part, such as a hand, arm, leg, or hip
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quadriceps
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Muscle that has four heads or points of origin
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relaxation
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Process in which a muscle loosen and returns to a resting stage
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rhabdomyoma
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Tumor of striated muscle tissue
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rheumatism
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General term used to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints.
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rigor mortis
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Stiffness of skeletal muscles seen in death; develops between the 4th and 24th hour after death, then ceases
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rotation
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Process of moving a body part around a central axis
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rotator cuff
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Group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder
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sarcolemma
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Plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber
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spasticity
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Condition of increased muscular tone causing stiff and awkward movements
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sternocleidomastoid
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Muscle arising from the sternum and clavicle with its insertion in the mastoid process
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strain
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Excessive, forcible stretching of a muscle
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synergetic
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Pertaining to certain muscles that work together
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synovitis
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inflammation f a synovial membrane
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tendon
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Band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones
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tenodesis
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Surgical binding of a tendon
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tenodynia
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Pain in a tendon
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tetany
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Condition characterized by cramps, convulsions, twitching of the muscles, and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints; generally caused by an abnormality in calcium (Ca) metabolism
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tonic
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Pertaining to tone, especially muscular tension
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torsion
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Process of being twisted
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torticollis
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Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck
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triceps
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Muscle having three heads with a single insertion
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voluntary
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under the control of one's will
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