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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anoxia
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deficiency of oxygen
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atelectasis
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a collapsed or airless state of the lungs
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dyspnea
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difficult or labored respirations
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hypoxemia
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low oxygen content in the blood
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apnea
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temporary cessation of breathing ; no respirations; referred to as respiratory arrest
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eupnea
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normal breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
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respirations which regularly decrease in rate and depth until a period of apnea occurs. the respirations then begin clearly to increase in rate and depth to repeat the cycle; irregular rhythm characterized by alternating periods of hyperventilation/hypoventilation and apnea
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hyperpnea
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abnormally deep respiration
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hyperventilation
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increased rate and/or depth of respirations; associated with CO2 loss and dizziness
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hypoventilation
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decreased rate and depth of respiration
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Kussmaul respirations
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deep gasping respiration; associated with diabetic coma; deep rapid respirations associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
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orthopnea
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difficulty breathing except when sitting upright
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crackles
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fine to coarse sounds from larger bronchi; heard on inspiration and expiration
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rhonchi
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usually coarser sounds from larger bronchi; heard on inspiration and expiration; may be cleared by coughing
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stridor
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noisy respirations characterized by whistling sounds as air moves through partially obstructed larynx or trachea in spasm
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pneumothorax
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free air in the pleural cavity between the chest wall and lung
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hemoptysis
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expectorating blood
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pyrexia
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abnormal elevation of body temperature
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hyperthermia
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a body temperature that is much higher than the person's normal range
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febrile
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of or indicating fever; when the body temperature is higher than 100.6
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hypothermia
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drop in the core body temperature
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afebrile
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free from fever
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pulse deficit
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the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates
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asystole
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a condition of weakening or cessation of systole
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systole / systolic phase
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the period of heart muscle contraction; the period when the heart is pumping; contraction phase of the heart
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diastole / diastolic phase
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the period of heart muscle relaxation; the period when the heart is at rest; relaxation phase of the heart
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atrial fibrillation
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when the heart has an arrhythmia and the atrium of the heart "quivers"
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palpate / palpation
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to examine by feeling and pressing with the palms of the hands and fingers; when you feel the pulse by touch
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tachycardia
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a rapid heart rate; a heart rate above 100 beats/min
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bradycardia
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a slow heart rate; a heart rate below 60 beats/min
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tachypnea
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rapid breathing; respirations are 24 or more per minute
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orthopnea
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DELETE
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orthostatic hypotension
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decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more, or diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more after 3 minutes of quietly standing after lying supine; food ingestion, time of day, age and hydration, Parkinsons and Diabetes
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hypertension
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when the blood pressure is > 140/90
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hypotension
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when the blood pressure is < 90/60
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the temperature taken in the ear is known as _______ or _______ temperature
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tympanic or ear
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the temperature regulating center in the brain
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hypothalamus
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body temperature is highest between _______ hours
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night
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a patient should be in the _______ position for a rectal temperature
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Sims
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rectal temperature is contraindicated when:
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patient has a heart condition, hemorroids, recently undergone rectal surgery, or has diarrhea
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the apical pulse is located _______ and taken for _______ sec/min
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over the apex of the heart (left side of the chest slightly below the nipple)
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prehypertension
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when the blood pressure is slightly to moderately elevated (120/80 - 139/89)
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normal range for oral/tympanic temperature
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37 degrees C; 98.6 degrees F (+/-1 degree F)
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normal range for rectal temperature
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37.6 degrees C; 99.6 degrees F (+/-1 degree F)
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normal range for axillary temperature
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36.4 degrees C; 97.6 degrees F (+/-1 degree F)
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how far do you put in a thermometer when doing a rectal temperature?
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1-1 1/2 in.
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normal range for pulse
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60-100 beats/min. strong and regular
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normal range for respirations
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12-20 breaths/min. deep and regular
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normal range for blood pressure
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systolic: 90-140 mm Hg
diastolic: < 90 mm Hg average: 120/80 |
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In some patients, BP is consecutively measured _______, _______, and _______ in _______ arms.
In normal individuals, the change from lying to standing causes _______. What should a CNA do? |
lying, sitting, standing, both; a decrease in systolic BP of less than 15 mm Hg; Record the position and extremity and compare the mesurements for significant differences.
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when to take vital signs
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1. On client's admission to a health care facility and during visits to a clinic or doctor's office
2. According to routine established hospital policy or as directed by doctors orders; may be bid or q 8 h 3. Before and after surgical procedures or invasive diagnostic procedures. Monitoring during recovery may be every 5-15 min initially, then every 30 min, every hr, and every 4 hrs as conditions stabilize 4. Before and after administration of medications that affect cardiovascular or respiratory function and before and after temperature regulation 5. When general physical condition changes (e.g. loss of consciousness, increased restlessness, or intensity of pain) 6. Before and after nursing interventions (e.g. ambulating a client who has dsypnea on exertion) 7. Whenever clients report nonspecific symptoms of distress (e.g. "feeling funny or different"; chest pain) |
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melena
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black tarry stool
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before performing a BP reading, the pt should be...
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comfortably seated with the back and arm supported, legs uncrossed, and upper arm at the level of the right atrium
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Proper cuff size is critical to _______. The bladder length and width of the cuff should be _______ and _______ respectively of the arm circumference.
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accurate measurement; 80%, 40%
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A difference in BP between the two arms can be expected in about _______ of patients. The _______ value should be the one used in treatment decisions.
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20%; higher
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how long should you wait between each blood pressure change?
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10 min.
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