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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rigor Mortis
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Approx 2-4 hours after death body stiffens when it stops synthesizing ATP which is necessary for muscle fiber relaxation-occurs first in involuntary muscles then strts at head and goes down lastly the extremities
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Algor Mortis
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decrease in body temp that occurs after death
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Livor Mortis
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The blueish purple discoloration that appears in the dependant areas of the bosy
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Shroud
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a large piece of plastic or cotton material used to enclose the body after death
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Signs of impending death
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muscle weakness
respiration change sensory change circulation change |
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isotonic exercise
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muscle shortens to produce a muscle contraction and active movement
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isometric
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no joint or muscle movement but change in muscle tension
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isokenetic exercise
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muscle is tense or contracted against resistence
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stages of sleep
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stage 1: light sleep easilt aroused
stage 2: deeper relaxation stage 3: early stage of deep sleep difficult to arouse stage 4: deep sleep shortens toward morning REM: sound sleep-hard to arouse change in vital signs |
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insomnia
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chronic difficulty sleeping, remaining asleep or to go back to sleep after awakening
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sleep apnea
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a cessation in breathing for short periods during sleep causing blood oxygen to fall creating risk for cardiac disrhythmias, hypertension and right heart failure
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Narcolepsy
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sudden onset of sleep which cant be controlled
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somnambulism
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sleep walking occurs during stage 3 and 4
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Night tremors
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during stage 3 the child awakens shakes, screams, seems very frightened and is difficult to calm
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nocturnal enuresis
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involuntary urination during the night`
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analgesic
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medication that relieves pain
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Nsaids
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peripheral outside the nervous system inhibit the biosynthesis of protaglandins, analgesic and anti-inflammatory
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Opiod
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bind to opiate site and activate endogenous pain supressionin the cns
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metabolism
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consists of the physical and chemical process by which energy is made available for use by the body
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anabolic reactions
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build substances and body tissue
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catabolic reactions
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break down substances
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carbohydrates
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composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen-preferred energy source-needed to metabolize fats and spare proteins
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proteins
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made of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen-only source of nitrogen-amino acids are essentail for synthesis of body tissue in growth, mainance and repair
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complete proteins
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contain all essential amino acidsfound in meat fish poultry eggs cheese and milk
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incomplete proteins
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do not contain all amino acids
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complementary proteins
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incomplete proteins that when eaten together combine to act as a complete protein
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lipids
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made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen-insoluable in water-
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vitamins
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organic substance required for body metabolism-depend on dietary intake
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vit a
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liver carrots egg yolk fortified milk
fat soluable |
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vit d
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sunlight, fresh liver oils, fortified milk
fat soluable |
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vit e
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vegetable oil wheat germ and whole grains
fat soluab;e |
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vit k
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dark leafy green vegetables and synthesis from bacteria in intestines
fat soluab;e |
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vit c
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citrus fruits broccoli green pepper greens and strawberries
water soluable |
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vit b
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organ meat, pork, seafood, egg yolk, yeast, green leafy vegetables, grains, nuts, bananas, cantaloupe
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foods to avoid 3 days before testing for occult blood
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red meat raw fruits and vegetables
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gastrostomy
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opening throught he abdominal wall into the stomache
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jujunostomy
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opeing through the abdominal wall into the jejunum
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ileostomy
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opening into the ileum for draining fecal matter
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cleansing enema
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given to remove feces-treat constipation prevent conamination into sterile field promote visualization part of bowel training program
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carminative enema
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given to relieve gas
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oil retention enemas
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given to soften feces and lubricate the rectum and anal canal faculitating the passage of feces
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return flow enemas
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used to expel flatulance
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urine
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light yellow, pH 4.6-8, specific gravity of 1.010-1.025
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urinary incontinence
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loss of control of urination
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enuresis
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repeated involuntary urination in children who are old enough for voluntary control
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polyuria
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production of abnormally large amounts of urine by the kidneys
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oliguria
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low urnine output (less than 500 ml day)
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anuria
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lack of urinary production
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indwelling urinary catheter
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used when a catheter is needed for continuous drainage of urine-has a balloon so will not slip out of bladder
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straight catheters
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used to drain the bladderr for short periods of time
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irrigation
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washing out or flushing with a specific solution usuaklly to wash out bladder but sometimes to apply medication to bladder mucousa
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total incontinence
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total uncontrolled and continuous loss of urine at unpredictable times
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functional incontinence
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involuntary unpredictable passage of urine in clients with intact urinary and nervous system-client feels a strong urge to void and void before reaching apprioate receptile
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stress incontinence
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increase intraabdominal pressure causing leaking of small amt of urine
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reflex incontinence
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involuntary loss of urine that occurs at soemwhat predictable intervals when a certain bladder volume is reached
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ventilation
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movement of air into and out of lungs
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respiration
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process of gas exchange between the bloodstream and the air in the alveoli
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hemoptysis
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coughing up blood into the respiratory tract
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orthopnea
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inability to breath except in upright or standing position
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signs of hypoxia
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tachycardia tachypnea dyspnea pallor and cyanosis
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signs of hypercarbia
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restlessness hypertension and headache
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signs of oxygen toxixity
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tracheal irritation, cough, decreased pulmonary ventilation
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antiduiretic Hormone
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released by the posterior pituitary gland reduces the production of urineby causing the kidney tubules to reabsorb water
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renin
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causes the conversionof angiotension I to angiotenion II
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angiotension II
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acts directly on the nephrons to casue Na and water retention also stimulated by adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
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aldosterone
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causes kidneys to excrete k and retain Na
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dehydration
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occurs when water is lost from body but no loss in electrolytes
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principle electrolytes in extracelluar fluid
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sodium, chloride, bicarbonate
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principle electrons in intracelluar fluid
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magnesium and potassium
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Norm sodium concentrations
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135-145
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norm serum potassium
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3.5-5.0
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acid base balance
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depends on balance between carbonic acid and bicarbonic acid
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kidneys regulate
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carbonic acid and bicarbonic acid
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respiratory alkalosis
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low co2 due to alveolar hyperventilation
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respiratory acidosis
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high co2 due to hypoventilation
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metabolic acidosis
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low bicarbonate
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metabolic alkalosis
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high bicarbonate
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potassium
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controls nerve impulses of heart, skeletal, intestional and lung tissue
regulated acid base balance |
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calcium
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regulating muscle, neuromuscular and cardiac function
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magnesium
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necessary for intracelluar metabolism
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