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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
define monosaccharides |
are small molecules that cannot be further digested into smaller molecules. they can pass through cell membranes and be absorbed into the cell |
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list the monosaccharides |
glucose fructose and galactose |
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define carbohydrates |
are organic molecules made up of the elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen. the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are present in the ratio of 2:1 |
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define disaccharides |
are double sugars as each molecule of a double sugar is made up of two molecules of simple sugars bonded together |
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list disaccharides |
maltose sucrose and lactose |
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which one of the single and double sugars is not a reducing sugar |
sucrose |
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define condensation reaction |
is a chemical reaction in which two simple molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the removal of one molecule of water |
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hydrolysis |
is a reaction in which a water molecule is needed to break up a complex molecule into smaller molecules |
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define polysaccharides |
consists of many monosaccharide molecules joined together to produce one long molecule through the condensation reaction |
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define fats |
fats are organic molecules made up of the elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen. unlike carbohydrates, fats contain much less oxygen in proportion to hydrogen |
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how is fat broken down |
fats can be broken down by hydrolysis into glycerol and three fatty acid molecules. the reaction involves the addition of water molecules and occurs readily with an enzyme |
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define proteins |
proteins are organic molecules made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. another element, sulfur, may also be present |
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what are protein molecules made up of |
amino acids: each protein molecule is built up from simpler compounds known as amino acids. an amino acid is made up of an amino group and an acidic group, and a side chain which sometimes contain sulfur, acidic groups, amino groups, and/or hydroxyl groups in place of one or more hydrogen atoms |
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digestion of proteins |
it is a series of hydrolytic reactions. proteins are first hydrolysed into short polypeptides. these are then hydrolysed into amino acids |
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functions of proteins |
synthesis of new protoplasm for growth and repair of worn out body cells synthesis of enzymes and hormones formation of antibodies |
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functions of water |
-medium for chemical reactions to occur -required for hydrolysis -transports digested food products, excretory products and hormones from one part of the body to another -essential part of protoplasm, blood, lubricants, etc |