Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
problems with being overweight
|
increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke
|
|
|
obesity may lead to:
|
abdominal hernias, arthritis, flat feet, gallbladder disease, gout, high blood lipids, kidney stones, liver malfunction, sleep disturbances
|
|
|
central obesity
|
fat collected in abdominal area aka visceral fat, more readily released into bloodstream, increased risk of heart disease
|
|
|
BMR
|
basal metabolism rate-the rate at which the body uses energy to support basal metabolism(the energy required for involuntary activities)
|
|
|
energy need=
|
basal metabolism-the amt of energy needed for involuntary activities
voluntary activities thermal effect of food-body's speeded up metabolism after meal |
|
|
How can you increase your BMR?
|
increase voluntary activities, which builds more lean tissue, which is more metabolically active than fatty tissue
|
|
|
What are some factors that affect BMR?
|
age-younger people have more lean tissue, height-tall people have greater surface are, growth, body composition, fever, stress, environmental temp, fasting, malnutrition, thyroxine(BMR regulator)
|
|
|
What are some ways to measure body composition?
|
BMI,waist circumference, disease risk profile&medical history, skinfold test, density, conductivity
|
|
|
limitations of assessing weight with BMI
|
BMI-muscle weighs more than fat, very muscular people will have high BMI
|
|
|
interpreting BMI and waist circumfrence
|
18.5 or less is underweight
18.5-24.9 normal 25.0-29.9 overweight 30.0-34.9 obese class 1 34.9-39.0 obese class 2 40 or greater extremely obese waist >35 in for women waist >40 in for men |
|
|
hunger
|
influenced by empty stomach, empty SI, and hormone ghrelin
|
|
|
appetite
|
initiates eating but not necessarily because of hunger affected by hormones, inborn appetites, learned preferences, culture, habits, drugs,disease
|
|
|
satiation
|
feeling of fulness during meal that is triggered by presence of food in GI tract
|
|
|
satiety
|
feeling of fulness after meal, suppresses hunger until next meal
|
|
|
feasting
|
carbohydrate broken down to glucose then converted to glycogen, if glycogen stores are full, becomes fat
fat broken down to fatty acids, becomes body fat protein broken to amino acids, nitrogen lost in urine, excess converted to body fat |
|
|
fasting
|
liver and muscle glycogen storage-->glucose-->energy
body fat-->fatty acids-->energy |
|
|
extreme fasting
|
once glycogen stores have been depleted:
body protein-->amino acids-->glucose, nitrogen, ketone, energy body fat-->fatty acids-->ketone bodies and energy |
|
|
weight management
|
diet, exercise, behavior modification
limit calorie intake, physical activity for 30-60 min |
|
|
losing weight
|
set goals, keep records, design your own diet plan, set realistic calorie intakes, balance carbs, fats, and protein, manage portions, meal spacing: smaller more frequent
|
|
|
weight gain
|
physical activity and high calorie intake
|
|
|
health at every size
|
be physically active
self-efficacy eat high fiber foods eat breakfast |
|
|
contributing factors and characteristics of anorexia nervosa
|
contributing factors:overvalue appearance, belief in skinniness, feel more in control by rejecting food
characteristics: refusal to maintain normal body weight, intense fear of weight gain, denial, amennorhea |
|
|
consequences of anorexia nervosa
|
growth and development ceases, heart pumps inefficiently and irregularly, brain and nervous tissue function abnormally, insomnia, digestive tract failure, food sits in stomach
|
|
|
factors contributing to bulimia
|
negative self-perceptions, guilt shame-->restrictive dieting-->binge eating-->purging
|
|
|
characteristics of bulimia
|
binge eating, compensating behavior-either self-induced vomiting or abuse of laxatives, diuretics, and excessive exercise
|
|
|
consequences of bulimia
|
fluid and electrolyte imbalances, abnormal heart rhythms, urinary tract infections, kidney failure
|
|
|
female athlete triad
|
eating disorder-restrictive dieting, inadequate energy, overexcercising, weight loss, amenorrhea-diminished hormones, osteoporosis-loss of Ca in bones
|
