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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiamin - functions
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promotes decarboxylation
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Thiamin - deficiency
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Beri Beri - weakness, loss of appetite, nerve degeneration
Wernicke-Korsakoff - mental confusion, staggering, eye muscle dysfunction |
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Riboflavin - functions
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part of coenzymes that participate in citric acid cycle.
coenzyme FAD delvers high-energy electrons to electron transport chain |
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Riboflavin - deficiency
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rare, occurs around mouth: swollen tongue, cracked skin, inflamed lips, oil-producing glands of skin clogged
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Niacin - functions
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coenzyme in energy metabolism (NAD and NADP): accepts electrons as NADH and carries them to electron transport chain
supports fatty acid synthesis |
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Niacin - deficiency
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Pellagra: 3 Ds - Diarrhea, dementia, death
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Pantothenic Acid - functions
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component of coenzyme A, which is used in production of Acetyl CoA
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Pantothenic Acid - deficiency
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Rare
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Biotin - functions
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- facilitate carboxylation reactions
- facilitate entry of fatty acids into citric acid cycle - fatty acid synthesis - DNA synthesis |
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Biotin - deficiency
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Rare, except when consuming raw egg. Avidin in eggs binds biotin before it can be absorbed
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B6 - functions
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- coenzyme in protein and amino acid metabolism(deamination removes nitrogen from protein)
- immune system supporting - can lower homocysteine levels |
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B6 - deficiency
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Rare - microcytic hypochromic anemia
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Folate - functions
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coenzyme in DNA synthesis and cell division
needed for normal red blood cell synthesis |
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Folate - deficiency
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megaloblastic anemia
neural tube defects in fetuses of women folate-deficient while pregnant |
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B12 - functions
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needed for normal folate function
DNA and red blood cell synthesis maintains myelin sheath around nerves |
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B12 - deficiency
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pernicious anemia
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Vitamin C - functions
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collagen synthesis
antioxident iron absorbtion synthesis of thyroid hormones, stress hormones promotes immune cell function |
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Vitamin C - deficiency
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scurvy!
weakness, hemorrhages around hair follicles, open wounds, bone pain |
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vitamin K - functions
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blood clotting, formation of bone, coenzyme in carboxylating a few key proteins
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vitamin K - deficiency
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failure to clot properly
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vitamin E - functions
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antioxident (fat-soluble analog of vit c) - protects cell membranes from free radicals
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vitamin E - deficiency
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hemolytic anemia (premature lysist destruction of red blood cells)
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selenium - functions
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integrated unto an enzyme that reduces free radicals (acts as an antioxident)
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vitamin A - functions
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vision, cell development/differentiation and health, immunity
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vitamin A - deficiency
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early on: night blindness, later: xeropthalmia
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vitamin D - functions
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promotes increase in serum calcium levels
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vitamin D - deficiency
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in children - rickets
in adults - osteomalacia |
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calcium - functions
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bone health/development
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calcium - deficiency
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osteoporosis
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sodium - functions
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regulates fluid balance and blood pressure
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sodium - deficiency
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rare, it is a common food additive
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iron - functions
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essential for formation of hemoglobin, myoglobin (oxygen transport)
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iron - deficiency
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common in vegetarians/vegans, young children, premenopausal women
iron-deficiency anemia |
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iodide - functions
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building block for essential thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
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iodide - deficiency
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in pregnant women - severe neural defects - cretinism
adults - goiter (enlargement of thyroid) |
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iron - toxicity
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hemochromatatosis (genetic)
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flouride - functions
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bone and tooth structure
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flouride - excess
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flourosis (mottled enamel)
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chromium - functions
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glucose metabolism
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chromium - deficiency
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diabetes-like symptoms
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