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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 3 major structures comprise the Labyrinth (inner ear)?
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Cochlea, Vestibule, Semicircular canals
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What two structures comprise the Vestibule of the inner ear?
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Utricule, Saccule
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The Bony Labyrinth contains _____ ( ___ rich) which is continuous with the ________ _____.
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Perilymph; Na+; Cerebrospinal Fluid
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The Membranous Labyrinth contains _____ ( ___ rich) and communicates with the ________ sac.
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Endolymph; K+; Endolymphatic
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What does the Endolymphatic sac do?
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Absorb endolymph (continuously produced)
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The vestibular system helps with maitenance of _____, _____ ____, and ____ position with respect to ____ motion.
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Posture; Muscle tone; Eye; Head
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What are the two subdivisions of the vestibular system?
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Static Labyrinth, Kinetic Labyrinth
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What is the Static Labyrinth composed of?
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Utricule, Saccule
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What detects static orientation of the head with respect to gravity?
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Saccule
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What are the 2 types of specialized hair cells in the Static Labyrinth?
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Macula Utricle, Macula Succuli
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The hair cells in the Maculae are embedded in a gelatinous mass, the _____ membrane which contains _____ crystals.
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Otolithic; CaCO3
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The Kinetic Labyrinth is composed of the _____ _____.
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Semicircular Canals
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What detects angular acceleration and deceleration?
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Semicircular Canals
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The Semicircular Canals are ______ oriented so they can detect all possible directions of motion.
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Orthagonally
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Where are the specialized hair cells in the Semicircular Canals located? What are they called?
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in the Ampullae; Crista Ampullaris
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The Crista Ampullaris hair cells are embedded in a gelatinous mass called ______.
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Cupula
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What occurs the same way it does in the auditory system since the endolymph is continuous between the two systems?
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Transduction (how a signal becomes an action potential)
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What causes hair cell depolarization?
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Potassium (K+) influx
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Hair cells have _____ on one end with a longer ______ on the opposite end.
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Microvilli; Kinocilium
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What happens when the microvilli bend toward the Kinocilium?
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the cell will depolarize
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What happens when the microvilli move away from the Kinocilium?
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the cell will hyperpolarize
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Hair cells (receptors) synapse with dendrites of bipolar cells called _____ ganglia or _____ ganglia; axons from which form the _____ nerve.
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Vestibular; Scarpa's; Vestibular
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Where does the vestibular nerve enter the brainstem?
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at the Cerebellopontine angle lateral to the Facial nerve
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The vestibular nuclei are in the lateral aspect of the _____ of the _____ and _____ parts of the fourth ventricle.
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Floor; Medullary; Pontine
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Axons from the vestibular nuclei project to:
Cerebellum (_____ lobe, _____ nucleus) Spinal cord (_____ tract) Brainstem (Nuclei of CN ___, ___, ___ bilaterally via the ___) Thalamus (____ ____ nuclei) and on to Cortex (____ ____ areas) |
Flocculonodular; Fastigial
Vestibulospinal III; IV; VI; Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) Ventral posterior Parietal association |
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What does Internuclear Opthalmoplegia present with?
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Inability to carry out synchronous horizontal gaze
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What 3 cranial nerves may fail to carry out synchronous horizontal gaze, causing Internuclear Opthlamoplegia?
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III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear), VI (Abducent)
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Lesion of the _____ ________ _______ may cause failure of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, resulting in Internuclear Opthalmoplegia.
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Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus
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What are the 2 vestibular system examinations?
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Barany Chair, Caloric testing
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In the Barany Chair vestibular exam, the patient is rotated ___X in ___ seconds while flexing forward ___ degrees, then rotation stops _____.
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10; 20; 30; Abruptly
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In the Barany Chair vestibular exam, an intact system will produce _____ (named for fast component) _____ that of the rotation.
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Nystagmus; Opposite
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In the Caloric test of the vestibular system, warm or cold water is put in the ______ ______ ______.
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External acoustic meatus
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In the Caloric test of an intact vestibular system, cold water produces nystagmus to the ______ side of irrigation--warm water to the _____ side.
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Opposite; Same
(Cold Opposite Warm Same; COWS) |
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The Vestibulo-Ocular reflex prevents diversion of the ____ from a target when the ____ is moved.
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Eyes; Head
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What are the main symptoms of lesions to the vestibular system?
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Vertigo, Nystagmus, Dysequilibrium
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_____ lesions of the vestibular system may produce nystagmus in various directions in the _____ of vertigo during positional testing.
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Central; Absence
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_____ lesions of the vestibular system may produce horizontal nystagmus only in the _____ of vertigo during positional testing.
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Peripheral; Presence
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Meniѐre's disease presents with vestibular symptoms such as _____ loss, _____, and _____ accompany _____ loss of hearing and ____.
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Equilibrium; Nystagmus; Vertigo; Progressive; Tinnitus
(Idiopathic) |
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The age of onset of Meniѐre's disease is ___ - ___ years of age.
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20; 30
(Idiopathic) |
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Acoustic Neuroma is a relatively _____ _____ ____-growing _____ cell tumor of the vestibular nerve.
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Common; Benign; Slow; Schwann
("Schwannoma") |
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Acoustic Neuroma is typically found in the region of the _____ _____ _____ or the ________ ____.
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Internal acoustic meatus; Cerebellopontine angle
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Acoustic Neuroma may also affect the ____ and ______ nerves.
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Facial; Trigeminal
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