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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Assimilation
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the building up of new tissues from digested food materials.
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Homeostasis
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the body's metabolism functions to maintain its internal environment in a changing external environment.
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Irritability
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- the ability to respond toa stimulus.
- it is part of regulation. |
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Photosynthesis
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the process by which lants convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates. Sunligh is harnessed by chlorophyll to drive this reaction.
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Atom vs. molecule
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Atom: the unit of an element.
Molecule: the unit of a compound. |
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Monosaccharides
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ex. glucose and fructose
- single sugar subunits |
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Disaccharides
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ex. maltose and sucrose
- composed of two monosaccharide subunits, joined by dehydration synthesis (loss of water). |
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Polysaccharides
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ex. glycogen and starch
-polymers of chains of repeating monosacchraide subunits. - insoluble in water - formed by removing water - add water, break polysaccharide --> hydrolysis |
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Lipids
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- 3 fatty acids, and a glycerol backbone.
- 3 dehydration rxns needed to form one fat molecule. - do not form polymers |
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Lipid derivatives
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- phospholipids
- waxes - steroids - cartotenoids - porphyrins |
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Proteins
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- composed primarily of C, H, O, and N, and sometimes P, and S.
- polymers of amino acids. - joined by peptide bonds through dehydration reactions --> polypeptide |
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Substrate
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A molecule upon which an enzyme acts.
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Active site
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An area on each enzyme to which the substrate binds.
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Enzymes
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- lower activation energy of a reaction.
- increase the rate of the reaction. - Do not affect the overall free energy of the reaction. - Are not changed or consumed in the course of the reaction. |
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Effects of temperature on enzymes
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As the temp. incrases, the rate of enzyme action increases.
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Effects of pH on enzyme
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- maximal activity occurs around pH 7.2. Exceptions: pepsin (pH 2), and pacreatic enzymes (pH 8.5).
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Effects of concentration
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- low concentrations of enzyme and substrate, man active sites on the enzyme are unoccupied and the reaction rate is low.
- Increasing the substrate concentration will increase the reaction rate until all of the active sites are occupied. |
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Prosthetic groups
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Cofactors that bind to the enzyme by strong covalent bonds.
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Plant cells
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- no centrosome
- presence of cell wall composed of cellulose - chloroplasts in many cells of green plants. Sites of synthesis of organic compounds. Many vacuoles. Mature plant cells usually contain one large vacuole. |