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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the
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wave steepness
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The time between two successive waves is called the
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period
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Water waves are
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orbital waves
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Wave speed is equal to
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wavelength divided by period
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The circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to
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wavelength/2
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A deep-water wave occurs when the water depth is equal to
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1/20 of wavelength
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The fetch refers to
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the distance over which wind blows without interruption
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An internal wave might form
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at a density boundary within the ocean
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As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height
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increases and wavelength decreases
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Waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called
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plunging breakers
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A tsunami may result from
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tectonic activity on the seafloor
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Waves converge on headlands due to
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wave refraction
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The center of mass of the Earth-Moon system is called the
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barycenter
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The tide-generating force varies
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directly with the product of the object masses
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Compared with a solar day, a lunar day is
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longer than a solar day
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A spring tide
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has very high high tides and very low low tides
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A neap tide has
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very low tidal range
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The side of the Earth that faces the moon experiences a high tide, the side of the Earth that is opposite from the moon will have a
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high tide
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The vertical difference between high and low tides is called the
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tidal range
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An area that experiences semidiurnal tides will have
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two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily
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The most common tidal patterns around the world are
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mixed tides
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In the United States one can find semidiurnal tides along the
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Atlantic coast
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The Bay of Fundy is well known for which tidal characteristic?
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very high tidal range
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Water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to the tides is called
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ebb current
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Which of the following is a tidal current?
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both ebb tides and flood tides
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The section of the coast that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide is called the
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foreshore
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The section of the coast that extends from normal high tide level to the highest elevation on land that is affected by storm waves is called the
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backshore
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Winter beaches
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are narrower than summer beaches due to high-energy waves during the winter
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Sediment is supplied to the coastal zone by
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d) All of the above are sources of sediment in the coastal zone.
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ざ
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za
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If you were to walk from the ocean landward across a barrier island complex, in which order would you encounter the following environments?
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beach, dune, barrier flat, high marsh, low marsh
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The most biologically productive part of a salt marsh would be the
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low marsh
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Which of the following landforms shows the least amount of erosion along US coasts?
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crystalline rocks of New England
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Which of the following materials would you expect to be found on the steepest beach?
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large gravel
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Submergent coasts might have all of the following characteristics except
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marine terraces
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A linear ridge of sediment attached to land at one end might be called a
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spit
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Which of the following structures is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion?
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All of these structures prevent or retard shoreline erosion.
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The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends
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200 nautical miles from the coast
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Prevailing offshore winds produce coastal waters that
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have higher salinities
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An example of a coastal plain estuary is the:
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Chesapeake Bay
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Lagoons that form behind barrier islands are examples of
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bar-built estuaries
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An estuary formed from a flooded glacial valley is called a
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fjord
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Estuarine circulation associated with a deep, high river volume system where no horizontal salinity gradient exists at the surface is called a
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salt wedge estuary
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The Columbia River estuary received most of its ecological damage from which of the following sources?
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hydroelectric dams
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Coastal wetlands are characterized by
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low levels of inorganic nutrients in the tidal zone and anoxic sediments
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When ocean water enters a marginal sea above a return flow of saltier water, the circulation pattern is called
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Mediterranean circulation
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The percentage of the original area of wetlands currently left in the United States is approximately
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50%
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One major problem associated with Chesapeake Bay and increased human pressure is
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an increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom-dwelling animals
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Estuarine circulation associated with a shallow, low-volume estuary in which river water mixes evenly at all depths with ocean water would be called a:
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vertically mixed estuary
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In terms of erosion protection from wave action, seawalls
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are ineffective
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Point sources of municipal and industrial wastes in the United States are governed by
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Federal Clean Water Act
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Minamata disease is associated with
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ingestion of methyl mercury-contaminated fish and shellfish
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Dead zones resulting from hypoxia and anoxia
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are prevalent in coastal waters west of the Mississippi River delta during the summer months
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Which of the following organisms are expected to show the highest concentrations of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in its tissues?
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sea otters
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The deep-water dumping site for sewage sludge off the US East Coast initially seemed to be a good choice because
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a well-developed pycnocline should isolate the sewage
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Secondary sewage treatment is distinguished form primary sewage treatment by the
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chlorination of the liquid effluent
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Plastics cause significant biological damage in oceans when
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netting strangles seals and birds
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Bioremediation has been particularly effective in marine ecosystems in the cleanup of
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hydrocarbons
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Organisms with small, expandable bodies, extremely large mouths, and efficient teeth are likely to be found in the
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bathypelagic zone
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Zonation of benthic organisms includes all of the following except the
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neritic zone
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Neritic environments are influenced by
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All of the above factors influence neritic environments.
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Which marine environment exhibits the greatest species diversity?
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neritic province
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The mass present at a given time of a population of fish is called its
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standing stock
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A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is
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commensalism
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Which of the following pairs is an incorrect match between organisms and the type of symbiotic relationship they manifest?
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whale-barnacle mutualism
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Energy flow in an ecosystem is
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unidirectional
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Nutrient flow in an ecosystem is
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cyclic
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Which of the following statements shows the correct hierarchical ordering of taxonomic levels in terms of increasing specificity?
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kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by
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All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.
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Productivity in tropical oceans is
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nutrient-limited
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An area of the open ocean where the rate of primary productivity is very low is referred to as a(n)
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oligotrophic area
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Although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have unusually high primary productivity rates?
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All of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity.
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In temperate oceans during the summer months
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nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and oxygen solubility decreases
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The relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least productive is
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polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters
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The nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include
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e) Both b and c are correct.
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