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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is innate behaviour?
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Animal Behaviour that occurs without the need for learning. It is an inherited response and similar all members of the same species (stereotyped).
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What are the advantages of innate behaviour?
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It is rapid and correct.
A simple nervous system is enough. It suits animals with a short lifespan. |
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What is an escape reflex?
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When animals move away from potential danger.
For example Cockroaches move away from human feet. |
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What is a taxes?
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When animals move away or towards a directional stimulus.
For example Woodlice move away from light. |
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What is a kinesis?
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When movement is affected by a non-directional stimulus (intensity).
Eg. Woodlice move to humid areas. |
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What is learned behaviour?
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Animal responses that change and adapt with experience. It is variable.
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What are the advantages of learned behaviour?
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It is adapted in response to changing circumstances or environments.
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What is Habituation?
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This is a reduced response to an unimportant stimulus (neither threatening nor rewarding) after repeated exposure over time.
The animal still remains alert to unfamiliar stimuli. |
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Give an example of Habituation.
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Learning to sleep through traffic noise.
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What is imprinting?
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It involves young animals becoming associated with another organism so that they can learn skills.
It occurs in the sensitive/receptive period. |
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Give an example of imprinting.
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Ducklings imprint on their parents.
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What is classical conditioning?
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This is learning to respond naturally to a stimulus that doesn't usually cause that response.
A natural stimulus causes a natural response. If another stimulus coincides with an unconditioned stimulus enough times, the other stimulus will cause the same response. |
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Give an example of classical conditioning.
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In dogs, food causes salivation. If a bell is rung before they are given food, the dogs will learn to salivate in response to the bell only.
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What is operant conditioning?
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Learning to associate a response with a reward or punishment.
When put in the same situation lots of times, an animal will work out which response gets a reward or punishment. |
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Give an example of Operant conditioning.
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A rat is put in a cage with a choice of levers. Pressing one rewards the rat with food. The rat was repeatedly put in the same cage, so it learned which lever to press.
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What is Latent learning?
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Hidden learning.
Involves learning through repetition and learning is only shown when an animal is given a reward or punishment. |
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Give an example of latent learning.
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Rats are put into a maze but only rewarded on the 11th time, after this they quickly reached the end without any errors.
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What is insight learning?
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Learning to solve a problem by working out a solution using previous experience.
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Give an example of insight learning.
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Chimpanzees were put in a play area. Then bananas were put out of reach. The chimps used previous experience of playing with toys to work out a solution.
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Describe Social Behaviour in primates.
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Live in large groups which is more efficient as they can hunt larger areas.
A clear Hierarchy prevents fighting. When moving through territory mothers and infants are kept on the inside. Baboons groom each other which is hygienic and reinforces social bonds. |
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What is the Dopamine receptor?
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A receptor in the brain, if there is a high percentage of receptors abnormal behaviour is caused (Eg Schizophrenia).
Drugs that block receptors reduce symptom. The link between the receptor and abnormal behaviour helps us understand the role it plays in normal behaviour- involved in thinking, perception, memory and emotions. |
