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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe function of: |
Corrugator: in corner, pulls medially (pain, distress, conc)
Procerus: vertically from nose; pulls down for agression/menace Frontalis: Main elevator; look of surprise. |
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What nerves travel through CTR (common tendinous ring)
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above: lacrimal, frontal, trochlear
in: NOA (nasocil, oculomotor, abducens) below: inferior ophthalmic vein |
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What do SPCA's supply?
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Form Circle of Zinn. Supplies:
-superficial ONH -posterior choroid |
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What do LPCA's supply?
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-Anterior choroid
-MACI (iris, CB) |
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What glands do these secretions:
Holocrine: Apocrine: Merocrine: |
Holocrine: meibomian (cell dies)
Apocrine: Moll, Zeis, goblet (apex burst) Merocrine: lacrimal & accessory lac (merely secretes) |
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What is syneresis?
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Breaking down of GAG hyaluronic acid so that liquid comes out of gel and forms lacunae and strands.
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What makes up MACI?
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LPCA and anterior ciliary arteries from muscular branches of ophthalmic (supply 4 recti muscle)
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Horizontal and vertical diameter of cornea?
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Horizontal: 11.7
Vertical: (10.6) |
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Megalocornea:
Microcornea: |
Megalocornea: 13 mm
Microcornea: 10 mm |
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What layers of the K don't regen?
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Bowman's and endothelium. Descemet's triples (D3) throughout life.
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Do endothelial cells have maculae occludens or zonula occludens for junctions?
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macula. They're leaky to allow aa and glucos and nutrients into K.
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What innervates cornea?
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V1 through ant cil, long post cil, short post cil
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What causes PSC's the most?
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systemic steroid use
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What part of the cornea is:
-thinnest -weakest -thickest |
-thinnest: 0.30 mm under recti tendon
-weakest: lamina cribrosa -thickest: 1.0 mm posterior pole |
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Layers of eye from in to out (sclera/tenons, conj stroma/epithel)
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Sclera, episclera, tenon's capsule, conjunctival stroma, conj epithelium
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What drains 90% of aqueous?
10%? |
90%: trabecular meshwork (corneoscleral and juxtacanalicular)
10%: uveoscleral (goes through CB) |
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Name the layers of the iris. Where are the smooth sph pupillae and dilator?
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-Anterior border layer (provides color)
-Stroma (sphincter muscle) -Anterior epithelium (dilator muscle) -Posterior pigm epith |
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Order of strength of vitreous attachments (strongest to weakest).
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Vitreous base (ora serrata)
posterior lens (Weiger's ligament) ONH macula retinal vessels |
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Type of collage in:
Descemet's: Bowman's: Vitreous: |
Descemet's: 4 (increases in thickness)
Bowman's: 1 (thin) Vitreous: 2 (2 is more round than 1 & 4) |
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Rod density is greatest how many mm from fovea?
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5 mm
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Size in mm/DD of the following:
ONH: Fovea: Macula: Parafovea: Perifovea: |
ONH: 1.5 mm
Fovea: 1 DD Macula: 3 DD Parafovea: 0.5 mm Perifovea: 1.5 mm |
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Location of cranial nerves.
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3, 4 - Midbrain
5, 6, 7, 8 - Pons 9, 10, 11, 12 - Medulla |
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Cranial nerves:
CN 5 CN 7 What happens when you get poked in the eye? Why do you water? |
CN 5:
sensory, sensory, sensory (facial) w/a little motor (mastication) CN 7: motor motor motor (facial muscles) w/a little sensory (ant 2/3 taste on tongue) AND lacrimation, salivation Poked in eye: CN5 sensory, part of it goes to CN7 to induce reflex tearing. |
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Optic nerve goes to:
-Pretectal nucleus -LGN -Superior colliculus What do they do? |
-PPretectal nucleus: PPupils
-LGN: visual cortex -SSuperior colliculus: SSaccades |
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What CN innvervates dilator muscle?
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5 to dilate
via LPCN's |
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What's in the cavernous sinus?
What nerve isn't traveling against the wall? |
CN 3, 4, 6, V1, V2, internal carotid, postganglionic symp (ophthalmic nerve)
CN 6 is next to internal carotid |
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Where do the internal and external carotids anastomose?
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superficial temporal artery with supraorbital artery
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What nerve supplies cornea, iris, and tip of nose?
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Nasociliary (V1, ophthalmic, of CN5)
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In the case of a oculomotor palsy, what would you suspect with a:
-pupil-involving -pupil-sparing Where are the pupil fibers located? |
-pupil-involving: posterior communicating artery aneurysm
-pupil-sparing: Diabetes or HTN (very small blood vessels) -Pupil fibers located peripherally in CN3 |
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What is the chorda tympani nerve, and what does it carry?
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Part of CN7 that carries taste from ant 2/3 or tongue and parasymp for submandibular and sublingual glands
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What do SPCN's carry?
LPCN's? |
SPCN: parasymp, symp, sensory (to CN3)
LPCN: symp, sensory (to CN3) |
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Which vessels can autoregulate?
optic nerve choroid retina extraocular vessels |
optic nerve
retina |
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Where do the superior and inferior medial fibers end up?
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Inferior: anterior knee of Wilbrand and end up lateral (eventually go to Meyes loop in temporal lobe)
(Lower fibers Lateral in meyer's Loop end in Lingual gyrus) Superior: posterior knee of Wilbrand, end up medial |
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What kind of field defect results from right post chiasmal lesion?
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Left homonymous VF defect (left field defect in both eyes)
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What 2 arteries supply occipital lobe?
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1-middle cerebral (internal carotid)
2-posterior cerebral (basilar; calcarine branch is main supply of visual cortex and also LGN) Both must be knocked out w/stroke to affect acuities |
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Where along the visual pathway do defects respect the horizontal midline? The vertical midline?
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horizontal: anterior to chiasm (glaucoma)
Vertical: posterior to chiasm. The more posterior = more congruent. |
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Which of the following does not contribute to ocular structures:
-mesoderm -ectoderm -endoderm |
endoderm
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What causes a coloboma?
What structures in the eye can have colobomas? Inf or sup more common? |
-Failure of fetal fissure to close.
-Choroid, retina, optic nerve, lids, iris, CB. -Inferior more common |
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What does the inner layer of the cup become?
Outer? |
-Inner: neural retina, non-pigmented CB epith, post pigmented iris (superficial structures)
-Outer: RPE, pigmented CB epith, ant nonpigm iris epith |
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In regards to lens nuclei, what do the posterior and anterior lens epithelium produce? Which has primary and which has secondary lens fibers?
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-Posterior lens epith: differentiates into primary lens fibers to produce embryonic lens nucleus at 2 months. All subsequent growth is from secondary fibers in ant lens epith.
-Anterior lens epith: after embryonic nucleus formed, these secondary lens fibers produce (in order) fetal, juvenile, adult (birth to sexual maturation), lens cortex (after maturation). |
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What are the erect and inverted Y sutures seen in slit lamp?
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Secondary lens fibers denoting boundaries of fetal nucleus. Embryonic nucleus contain no sutures.
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Which 2 layers start together before eye forms?
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Surface ectoderm (outer) and neural ectoderm (inner).
Neural ectoderm goes in to form retina & such. |
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What does surface ectoderm become?
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-corneal epithelium and lens (lens placode starts on surface then invaginates to form optic vessicle)
-lacrimal gland, nasolacrimal stuff -epithelium of glands and conj |
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What does neural ectoderm become?
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-retina, RPE, neuroglia
-CB and iris epith -optic nerve fibers -sphincter and dilator muscles (exception; most muscles come from mesoderm) |
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What does neural crest become?
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-corneal layers (all but epith, endo first)
-*TM -iris & CB stroma -sclera and choroid -vitreous Think Crest toothpaste (stroma, vitreous) Axenfeld's anomaly/syndrome and Reiger's anomaly/syndrome occur due to irregular neural crest cell development |
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What does mesoderm become?
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MMuscles!
EOM's, orbicularis oculi, levator palpebrae, muscle of Muller, endoth of blood vessels -All muscles except iris sph/dilator) |
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Trick to embryology:
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-Surface ectoderm deals w/everything air touches (outside).
-Mesoderm is muscles -Inside the eye, neural ectoderm deals w/superficial stuff while neural crest deals with inside stuff and toothpaste-like stuff |
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What does the eye come from?
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Diencephalon (Di and eye)
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Posterior lens epithelium become primary/secondary lens fibers.
Anterior lens epithelium become primary/secondary lens fibers. |
primary
secondary |