Oit Water Wastewater Study Guide

OH&S Ontario Health and Safety

Workplace Materials Information System

Washing your hands, smoking or using the washroom. It is generally a good policy never to put hands above your collar when working with plant equipment. Wear protective gloves when possible.

Ontario Regulation 170/03

License O.Reg. 129/04

Ontario Regulation 170/03

O.Reg.129/04

O.Reg. 128/04

Drinking water in Ontario is legislated under three Acts . The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) the Ontario Water Resources Act (OWRA) the Environmental Protection Act and the Clean Water Act (CWA)

O.Reg. 169/03 Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards (ODWQS)

O.Reg. 170/03 Drinking Water Systems

O.Reg. 170/03

Water treatment operators focus on removal or inactivation of dangerous microorganisms while wastewater operator s manage the production of microorganisms in order to break down Sewage and sludges

A pathogens is a disease causing agent. Pathogens is most often used when referring to microbiological organisims , but it may also be used for disease causing agents which are not organisms ex. Nitrite

Energy, carbon and other nutrients, specific PH and temperature conditions, some cases oxygen or anaerobic conditions

Aerobic microorganisms need oxygen to survive while anaerobic microorganisms live in little to no oxygen environments.

Certain protozoa may form cysts or oocysts and they survive under harsh conditions.

A liquid containing dissolved substances

A substance, usually a liquid in which other substances are dissolved, the most common solvent is water.

A substance that is dissolved into another substance.

The strength of a solution, expressed as mg/l, the number of molecules of a substance in a given volume.

Solid particles forced out of a solution by a chemical reaction

The process of forming a chemical precipitate

The chemistry of organic compounds is centered on the element carbon. Both organic and inorganic compounds may be natural or synthetic (manufactured by humans)

The pH of the water can have a significant impact on the performance of certain treatment processes, therefore, acids or basis are added to the water to adjust the pH for the optimization of these processes .

An acid is a substance that has a pH of less than 7. In chemistry terms, an acid has free hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxyl (OH-) Acids increase the hydrogen concentration when added to water, resulting in a reduction of the pH water.

A base is a substance that has a pH of more then 7, and has less free hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxyl ions (OH-) Bases reduce the number of free hydrogen ions when added to the water causing increase in pH

Salt is the substance that is precipitated as the result of the reaction between an acid and a base (neutralization)

Oxidation is the addition of oxygen, removal of hydrogen, or the removal of electrons (a component of an atom) from an element or compound, in the treatment processes, oxidation results in the transformation of organic matter to more stable substances. Oxygen and chlorine are two strong oxidizing compounds.

Used to absorb organic compounds (odour and taste)

Used as a chemical coagulant

Most commonly used for disinfection (inactivation)

Vital element for living organisims

Certain wastewater treatment processes only occur in the presence or absence of oxygen

Necessary in biological wastewater treatment

CL2

HCI

N2OH

H2O

H+

CL-

NACI

N

P

Releases hydroxyl ions OH-

NAOH = Na+ + OH-

Sodium hydroxide Sodium ion hydroxyl ion

Releases hydrogen

HCI = H+ +CL-

Hydrochloric acid hydrogen ion chlorine ion

Adsorption is a process where particles are trapped on the surface of a material and absorption is referring to the trapping of particles within the body of another material

BOD is the amount of oxygen required by bacteria while stabilizing decomposable organic matter under aerobic conditions

Is the measurement of clarity of water, it's created by suspended materials which are small particles

Grab sample is a sample taken at one place, composite sample are samples taken at different locations at different times

Chlorine gas, sodium hyprochlorite and calcium hyprochlorite

Chlorine residual and contact time

The difference between the chlorine added (dosage) and the amount of chlorine remaining after contact time

Combined chlorine

Chlorine dosage

Total chlorine residual

Voltage

Static pressure is presence of water tgat isn't moving and dynamic pressure is water flowing

The water at bottom of a water column

Is the formation and collapse of a bubble of gas or a gas pocket

Pretreatment passes threw screens and chemicals are added ex, ferric Chloride (cogulant) this is pre-chlorination Aluminum Sulphate (cogulant )

Cogulation and flocculation, Cogulation mixing of chemicals to create larger particles of organic or inorganic particles to be formed then moved to flocculation = is created when air rising mixed into the water to suspend the larger particles FLOC to surface then it is scimmed off the top.

Clarification = settling tanks are used to separate heavier larger particles the time it takes for this process is called detonated time

Filtration = this is the removal of suspended , many different Filtration processes available this process is called Filter Effient Turbidity, an increase in the filters indicate the filters need to be cleaned

Disinfection most inportant process, removal of pathogens inactivation by using chemicals (chlorine ) or ozone and with UV Light this is done at this stage because the pathogens aren't shielded by particulates

The period of time is know as chlorine contact time, disinfection requirements are discribed in Ontario. REGARDLESS 170/03 AND IN THE Procedure of disinfection of Drinking water in Ontario the removal or inactivation of pathogens is described in terms of LOGS represents the percentage of removal of pathogens

Priliminary= removal of large particles retrieve grit and sand before entering the other processes. Primary = The bottom of the tank and the lighter particles float to the top then removed then moved to sludge where it would be processed and shipped to dump.

Secondary there are many different processes most common is activated sludge process, arration tanks where effluent and bacteria mass is mixed into, to allow, good bacteria eats the bad bacteria (know as BOD) BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand, this is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by the biological organisims to break down the organic matter present

Secondary clarifier, the effluent is disinfected by chlorination to kill harmful organisims other disinfection processes include, ozone, ultraviolet radiation this helps kill harmful organisms.

After the secondary clarifier the effluent is disinfected by chlorination to kill harmful organisms and other disinfection

Sludge digestion all the sludge that has been collected by the preliminary and primary process is treated either in aerobic or are are Bic digester to remove and water (dewatering) the final Sludge is called biomass and xan br used as a gas

Tertiary= this is the final stage and the goal is to remove (phosphorous ) different processes involved physical, and chemical reverse osmosis carbon absorption

Coagulation is the rapid disperment of coagulant into the water to distal zero particles and from FLOC, flocculation is a gentle agatation to promote contact between particles formal during coagulation to form large floc

To remove harmful pathogens and other contam