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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Deuteronomy 6:4
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"Here, O Israel, the Lord your God, the Lord is one"
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INTERPRETATION 1
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"The Lord your God, the Lord is one"
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What does interpretation 1 mean?
("Lord is one") |
It is a statement about the nature of God – he is unique, indivisible, does not consist of multiple deities
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Why is interpretation 1 good?
("Lord is one") |
This is the translation supported by the Septuagint (Greek word: 'eis' = 'one')
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Why is interpretation 1 bad?
("Lord is one") |
The second “the LORD” is not really needed
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INTERPRETATION 2
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“The LORD is our God, the LORD alone”
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What does interpretation 2 mean?
("Lord alone") |
It argues that the Lord is the only God, and all other apparent gods are just false.
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Why is interpretation 2 good?
("Lord alone") |
Supported by Zechariah 14:9 "On that day there will be one Lord, and his name the one name."
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Why is interpretation 2 bad?
("Lord alone") |
It is VERY RARE for the words “YHVH eloheinu” to be translated as “the LORD our God”
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INTERPRETATION 3
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“The LORD our God is one LORD”
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What does interpretation 3 mean?
("Lord is one God") |
It argues that God is made up of one being, rather than many beings.
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What is the point of interpretation 3?
("Lord is one God") |
In ancient times, there were different gods for different places – there were Seths from 11 different cities in Ancient Egypt.
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Why is interpretation 3 good?
("Lord is one God") |
It makes the most sense from a translation perspective.
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Deuteronomy 6:7
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“speak of these words when you lie down and when you get up”
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Orthodox Jews + The Shema
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Orthodox Jews are required to recite the Shema as part of both their morning and evening prayers.
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What is the significance of reciting the Shema?
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RECITATION IMPLIES ASSOCIATION
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Why do Jews recite the Shema?
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By reciting the Shema, Jews are recognising God's authority as ruler of Israel.
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What happens if Jews do not recite the Shema?
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By not reciting the Shema Jews are effectively rejecting God's rule.
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Levenson on Interpretation 2
("Lord alone") |
“The Lord alone” translation reflects the Covenental Monotheism of the time
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Levenson on Interpretation 1
("Lord is one") |
“The Lord is one” translation reflects the Philosophical Monotheism of our time
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Levenson + Shema Commentaries
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“The Lord alone” translation is supported by the commentaries of Ibn Ezra and Rashbam.
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Levenson + Rashbam
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Rashbam: “'Hashem alone' – in Him alone we will serve, and will not add any other god to serve him”
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What happens in The Aqedah?
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God tells Abraham to sacrifice Isaac – he almost does it, but God stops him just before.
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How does von Rad try to understand the Aqedah?
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He employs techniques of Narrative Criticism to better understand the text.
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What motifs in the text does von Rad see in the Aqedah?
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TEMPTATION and FEAR OF GOD.
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von Rad - Isaac Quotation 1
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“Above all one must consider Isaac, who is much more than simply a foil for Abraham”
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von Rad - Isaac Quotation 2
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“Isaac is the child of promise”
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von Rad - Interpretation Quotation
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“a story like this is open to temptation and to whatever thoughts the reader is inspired”
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How does Levenson understand the Aqedah?
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Focus on Jewish tradition of obedience to God
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What does Levenson think is the most important part of the Aqedah?
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The Task of Abraham – his faith is being tested, sacrificing his son to God.
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What does Levenson use to understand the Aqedah?
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Uses interpretations of the Midrash, and early Jewish Commentaries (Bachya ben Asher and Rabbi Yose)
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How does Levenson see Abraham's obedience in the Aqedah?
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Repetition of “Here I am” - emphasises Abraham's obedience (Hebrew 'binneni' = 'ready')
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Levenson's BIG QUESTION on Obedience in the Aqedah
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Abraham's Obedience – because he has faith in God's promise that Isaac will not be harmed, or because he has blind faith in God?
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What do Gunn and Fewell focus on in the Aqedah?
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Focus on the moral character of Abraham in the context of his life.
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Gunn and Fewell - Abraham + Sarah
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Abraham sacrificed his first wife Sarah to strangers on two occasions.
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Gunn and Fewell - Abraham + Hagar
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Abraham sacrificed his second wife Hagar, first to affliction and then to ostracism.
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Gunn and Fewell - Abraham + Ishmael
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He sacrificed his first born son Ishmael to the wilds of the desert.
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Gunn and Fewell on Abraham
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Abraham = “a man who fears, a man in need of grace”
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Gunn and Fewell on Abraham 2
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Abraham appears emotionless – no hesitation to obey God
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Definition of Prophet
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Speaking on God's Behalf
(not necessarily about the future - could also refer to the past or present) |
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GOAL of looking at OT Prophecy
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Finding the Authoritative Prophetic Message
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How do we find the Authoritative Prophetic Message?
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By removing Layers of Interpretation to reach the Pure Layer of Truth
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3 ways Jeremiah passes on God's message:
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1. Writing on a scroll
2. Speaking in poetry (ch. 2-6) 3. Prose Sermons (ch. 7) |
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The Pure Original Prophecy
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Where AUTHORITY and TRUTH are found.
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The Final Text of Prophecy
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Some argue this is the actual source of AUTHORITY - this is the version which God intended to reach us.
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What is the context of the language of Prophecy?
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PERSONAL ADDRESS
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In what form does the DIVINE WORD come to Jeremiah from the Lord?
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In Human Words
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Prophecy appears in the First Person from Verse 4...
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"the word of the Lord came to me"
"the Lord put out his hand and touched my mouth" |
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What does the Prophecy feature FOR Jeremiah?
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Words Of Assurance
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Words of Assurance from God to Jeremiah...
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"do not be afraid for I am with you to assist you"
(Jeremiah will face a lifetime of opposition as a prophet) |
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What kind of power does Jeremiah not have?
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Military and Political Power
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What kind of power does Jeremiah have?
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Moral and Spiritual Power
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What kind of power does Jeremiah have?
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SOFT POWER
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Example of SOFT POWER
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2 Kings 2:12 - Elijah goes up into heaven. He is described by Elisha as being in "the chariots of Israel"
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Jeremiah 18
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God tells Jeremiah to go and see the potter
Jeremiah sees that the clay is formed into the shape the potter wants IMAGERY - symbolises God's divine power |
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Language of Prophecy Example
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When someone is about to be hit by a car, you shout "you're going to be run over" - what you mean is "move out of the way or else you will be run over"
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Jeremiah 7:3
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A challenge to the people to amend their ways
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Jeremiah 7:4
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A warning against the false words of others (includes first direct quotation from God)
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Jeremiah 7:5
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Hebrew Prophecy talks about justice for the least of society
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Jeremiah 7:6
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An example of the least of society
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Jeremiah 7:7
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A condition - if you the people do X, then they will receive Y
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Jeremiah 7:8
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Again a warning against deceptive words
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Jeremiah 7:9
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A list of forbidden things
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Jeremiah 7:10
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A second direct quotation ("we are safe")
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Jeremiah 7:12
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God describes a precedent - in Shiloh, they disobeyed God and got owned
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Jeremiah 7:14
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They will lose everything if they disobey God.
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