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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energetics is... |
The study of how things GET energy, and how they either spend or waste it. |
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Anabolism and Catabolism |
Anabolism = The USE of energy to build bigger molecules Catabolism = The breakdown of molecules to RELEASE energy |
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Recite the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
Entropy is always FAVOURED. It costs any organism in order to stay "organized" (composed and functioning) |
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What would a Biologist describe as energy? |
Whatever you can use to stay "organized". (Chemical bond energy, mechanical energy, heat.) |
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Chemical bond energy is... |
The energy you need to pay/you get paid when a bond is formed/broken. |
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Electrical energy is... |
Electrical energy is pretty much the fancy word for saying there's a gradient being maintained that gives lots of free energy if needed. |
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Mechanical energy is... |
The energy that you can use to make lots of molecules move together. This is shown as gigantic movements like muscle contractions! |
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Heat is... |
Waste energy possessed by all matter above absolute zero. Heat does zero work whatsoever, but heat informs the internal temperature of the organism |
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What's a calorie? What's a Calorie? Mind frick for ya. |
A "calorie" is the amount of energy (in joules) used to raise a gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. A "Calorie" (is a dietary calorie) and is actually 1,000 "calories" |
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What's the unit of measurement for Power? |
A Watt measures rate of energy over time. It's measured by J/s |
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Write down the Input/Output Budget. |
Ingested chemical Energy = Absorbed Chemical Energy + Fecal Waste Chemical Energy |
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What can Absorbed chemical energy be further broken down into? |
Biosynthesis (Adding on bio-mass) Maintenance (Using energy to maintain gradients, etc) Generation of external work (Using your energy to move your body). Essentially Growing, Maintaining, and Moving. |
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What's the name of the method to measure the metabolic rate of an animal? |
Calorimetry! The measure of heat |
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Direct vs. Indirect Calorimetry |
Direct Calorimetry is DIRECTLY measuring the heat output of an organism, by throwing it inside of a bunch of ice and seeing how much water melts! Indirect Calorimetry is isolating an organism and then measuring the change in O2 (or CO2!) over time based on cell respiration! This will INDIRECTLY tell us the amount of heat wasted! (Be careful! Carbs, Lipids and Proteins all yield different heat production per Oxygen) |
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Respiratory Quotient is? |
RQ = CO2 produced/Oxygen consumed |
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Name the three types of MR's |
Basal Metabolic Rate: Used for endotherms at rest Standard Metabolic Rate: Used for ectothermic poikilotherms at rest Field Metabolic Rate: daily energy expenditure of a free living animal |
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Define Specific Dynamic Action |
Specific Dynamic Action is the Specific amount of action your body needs to take to digest food. After a huge meal, your body will amp up metabolism like crazy, and it'll spike a little after a small meal too. |
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How do metabolic rates scale with body size? Example please! |
Metabolic rates scale allometrically with body size. The curve is actually a decreasing function, which shows that every pound gained equals LESS than a pound in diet needed. |
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Power curves for swimming and running? Compare a dogs running power curve to a mouses. |
Swimming vs. Speed is actually an exponential relationship, whereas running vs. speed is actually linear. A mouse's power curve for a much lower speed will actually cost much more energy than a dog's for triple the speed. This is because, again, the smaller the organism, the more energy is expended. |
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Metabolic Ceiling is... |
The metabolic ceiling is a multiple of your BMR. (Basal metabolic rate. Metabolism rate while at rest.) Certain actions will require different amounts of extra energy expenditure, and different tasks can be supported for a different amount of time. |
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What is theorized about BMR in relation to organism complexity? |
It is theorized that the BMR will relate to the amount of maintenance that needs to be upheld for the metabolic machinery of the organism. |
