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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
pulmonary atresia |
... |
cyanosis |
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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome |
Group of defects with a small left ventricle. shock, HF, single s2, male, 25% of cardiac deaths before 1 wk old |
cyanotic
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Transposition of the great vessels |
aorta and pulmonary artery transposed. Systolic murmur or systolic ejection murmur. cyanosis |
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atrial septal defect
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noncyanotic. MC ostium secundum, FTT, systolic ejection murmur, wide fixed split s2
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ventricular septal defect
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MC. systolic murmur. can be asx.
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patent ductus arteriosus
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opened channel bypassing lungs . wide pulse pressure. machine murmur
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noncyanotic
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coartion of the aorta
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Narrowing in the proximal thoracic aorta, systolic murmur, difference in arterial pulse and blood pressure in upper extremity and lower extremity; pathognomonic
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noncyanotic
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diagnostic for achalasia
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esophageal manometry
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HLA-B27 and SI joint involved |
ankylosing spondylitis
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brugadas syndrome
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genetic disorder in Asian males; v. fib, syncope and sudden death
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takotsubo cardiomyopathy
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occurs after a major catecholamine discharge. is an apical LV ballooning. indistinguishable from MI
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hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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genetic.
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leriche's syndrome
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erectile dysfunction due to PAD of the iliac artery. |
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howell-jolly bodies
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folic acid def anemia
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Osborn waves
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hypothermia. upward deflection following R wave. |
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Jefferson fracture |
c1 atlas fx
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kehr's sign |
referred pain to shoulder from spleen rupture |
. |
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thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies |
GRAVES - primary hyperthyroidism |
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3 or more p waves |
wandering atrial pacemaker |
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oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF |
MS |
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Lhermitte's Sign |
sensation or electric shocks down the spine In MS |
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Borrelia burgdorferi |
lymes disease |
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Factor VIII Deficiency |
hemophilia A |
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Factor IX deficiency |
hemophilia B (Christmas Disease) |
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
periodic sharp waves on eeg, myoclonic jerking, vacuolar (spongiform)chnages in gray matter |
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CREST |
Calcinosis, Raynaud, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, telangiectasia |
Scleroderma |
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Pseudotumor cerebri Tx |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Acetazolamide) |
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AV malformations |
located in cecum, associated w/ Aortic stenosis, painless bleeding in elderly |
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Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia) |
Niacin Deficiency |
also glossitis |
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Menopause Labs |
Increased FSH & LH, decreased estrogen |
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serum protein elctrophoresis |
SCD, MM |
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Strawberry cervix |
Trich. |
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Chadwick's sign |
blue cervix in pregnancy |
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anti-GBM
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good pasture syndrome. |
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Argyll Robertson pupil |
bilateral small pupils. assoc w/ neurosyphilis. accommodate but do not react. |
"Prostitute's Pupil" |
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Marcus Gunn pupil |
light shone in the affected eye will produce less pupillary constriction than light shone in the unaffected eye. [lesion of optic nerve) |
abnormal swinging flashlight test. |
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cranial nerves (sensory vs motor) |
some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most. (s-sensory, m-motor, b-both) |
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cranial nerves |
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlar(auditory), glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory/spinal, |
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Virchow's node |
abd ca mets sign (left supraclavicular fossa lymph node) |
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Phenytoin side effects |
1. Gingival Hyperplasia
2. Hirsutism 3. Coarse facial features 4. Peripheral Neuropathy (decreased Deep Tendon Reflex) 5. Hepatotoxicity 6. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 7. Pancreatitis 8. Osteoporosis 9. Folic Acid deficiency |
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heterophile antibody titer |
MONO. haptoglo |
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haptoglobin |
decreased in hemolytic anemia, megalobastic anemia, severe liver disease, lg hematomoas, EBV, CMV, OCPs Increased in inflammation, infection, androgens |
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Best marker for iron def anemia |
ferritin |
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An inferior MI is due to ischemia of which artery and ECG changes will be seen in which leads? |
RCA, II, III, aVF |
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An anterolateral MI is due to ischemia of which artery and ECG changes will be seen in which leads?" |
Left circumflex, I, aVL, V4-V6 |
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A large anterior MI is due to ischemia of which artery and changes will be seen in which ECG leads? |
left main, V1-V6 |
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What are the vitamin K dependent factors?" |
II, VII, IX, X |
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PT measures ________ factors. PTT measures _______ factors. |
PT --> extrinsic |
mnemonic: (PeT & PiTT) |
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Red blood cell casts |
Wegener's granulomatosis, SLE, post-streptococcal GN or Goodpasture’s syndrome, nephritic syndrome, UT injury |
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muddy brown cast |
acute tubular necrosis |
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Reiter’s disease |
arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis, balanitis circinata |
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cystic acne tx |
1. Benzoyl peroxide, comedolytic (retin A) & Cleocin topical 2. doxy or erythro po 3. Refractory: Isotretinoin (Accutane) |
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Large-Vessel Vasculitis |
1. Giant Cell Arteritis (Carotid Artery)
2. Takayasu's Disease (Aorta) |
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Medium-Vessel Vasculitis |
1. Polyarteritis Nodosa
2. Kawasaki's Disease (coronary arteries) |
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Small-Vessel Vasculitis |
1. Wegener's Granulomatosis (respiratory tract,Glomerulonephritis)
2. Churg-Strauss Syndrome (respiratory tract) 3. Microscopic Polyangiitis (respiratory tract,Glomerulonephritis) 4. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (IgA deposits in skin, gi tract, joints, Glomerulonephritis) 5. Essential Cryoglobulinemia (skin, glomeruli) 6. Cutaneous leuokocytoclastic Vasculitis (skin only) |
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ZES
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gastrinoma, likely in duodenum or pancreas. MEN1. confirmed by increased gastrin level >200 after given IV secretin. tx:sx
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courvoisier's sign
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jaundice and palpable gallbladder think pancreatic cancer
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elevated alpha -fetoprotein
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hepatic carcinoma , testicular cancer
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low urine osm + hypernatremia
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diabetes inspidius
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hypercalcemia
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malignancy, ⬆pth, sarcoid, vital D tox.
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trousseau's sign
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carpal tunnel spasm after BP cuff applied for 3 min = hypocalcemia
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chvostek's sign
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spasm of facial muscle after tapping facial nerve in front of ear = hypocalcemia
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wilms' tumor
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nephroblastoma, anaplasia = poorer px. us. sx, chemo (dactinomycin, vincristine, doxorubicin), rad.
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peyronie 's disease
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fibrous plaques causing penile curvative
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cotton wool spots and flame hemorrhages
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htn retinopathy
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cherry red spot
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central retinal artery occulsion
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hirschsprung's disease
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congenital aganglionic megacolon. chronic constipation with intermittent fecal soiling. mcc lower intestinal obstruction in neonates. dx:rectal suction bx.
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jaundice, acholic stool, hepatomegaly
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alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency in infants
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preformed antibodies
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responsible for hyperactivity rejection of transplant. liver.
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antithyroid peroxidase antibody positive (TPO antibody)
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hashimoto's thyroiditis. hypothyroidism + goiter
autoimmune thyroid inflammation askanazy cells (hurtle cells) |
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thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSH receptor ab)
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Graves disease. hyperthyroidism
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De quervain's thyroiditis
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viral. painful. HLA-B35. high T4,T3 then falls when stores exhausted. hyper to hypo.
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pseudogout
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calcium pyrophosphate. positively birefringent rhomboidal crystals
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heme pos stool, abdominal pain, migratory joint pain, hives->petechi->purpuric, hematuria
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henoch-schonlein purpura. commonly after URI.
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snuff box pain, fall on heel of hand
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carpal scaphoid fracture. even with negative xrs. thumb Spica cast.
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flaccid paralysis, loss of bowel/bladder, loss of pain and temp sensation.
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occulsion of the anterior spinal artery.
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