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242 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 divisions of CNS
|
Sympathetic, Parasympathetic
|
|
Sympathetic NS Receptors
|
Adrenergic Dopimenergic
Alpha-Constricts Beta-Dialates |
|
Parasympathetic NS Receptors
|
Cholinergic
Nicotinic-Skeletal Muscle Muscarinic-Smooth Muscle |
|
Response expected with Beta-2 Receptor Stimulation
(Heart) |
Increased HR, Contractility and Conductivity
|
|
Response expected with Beta-2 Receptor Stimulation
(Lungs) |
Vasodialation and bronchi relaxation
|
|
Expected response with stimulation of Dopimenergic Receptors
|
Dialation of Coronary, renal, mesenteric and visceral blood vessels
|
|
Dopamine Low Dose/Use
Dopamine Med Dose/Use Dopamine High Dose/Use |
2.5 mcg/min - Renal Dilation
5-10 mcg/min-Cardiac Beta Effect 10-20mcg/min-Alpha Effect-Vasoconstriction |
|
Sympathethetic NS Neurotransmitters
|
Norepinephrine, Epinephrine
|
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Parasympathetic NS Neurotransmitter
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ACH - Acetylcholine
|
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Effect of Parasymphathetic stimulation on Bronchi
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Constriction, Increased secretion
|
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Effect of Parasympathetic stimulation of eye
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pupils constrict
|
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Effect of parasympathetic stimulation of salivary glands
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increased salivation
|
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Parasympathetic stimulation to heart causes
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decreased HR
|
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Parasympathetic stimulation of GI tract causes
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increased peristalsis, increased secretions
|
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SLUDGE
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Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric Upset, Emesis
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Sublingual rte of medication administration is slower than IV but faster than ?
|
Oral Route
|
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Epinephrine stimulation of Beta 2 receptors will cause?
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Airway diameter to dialate
|
|
Narcotic Control Act of 1956 did what?
|
Increased penalties, made heroin illegal, outlawed marijuana
|
|
Minimum storage requirements for a controlled substance:
|
Securely locked, substantially constructed, no indication of contents
|
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Semisolid preperation for application to body
|
Ointment
|
|
Medication administration via Subq or IM route is effective in pts who:
|
have inadequeste peripheral perfusion
|
|
Elimination of remnants of medication is:
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Excretion
|
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Rate of absorbtion of med given IO compared to given IV is:
|
Identical, both go into a noncollapsible channel w/ rapid flow into circulation
|
|
Cylindrical gelatin container enclosing medication
|
Capsule
|
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As a paramedic, you are responsible for ensuring that medication administration in the field is:
|
Safe, therapeutic and effective
|
|
Sublingual rte of medication administration is slower than IV but faster than ?
|
Oral Route
|
|
Epinephrine stimulation of Beta 2 receptors will cause?
|
Airway diameter to dialate
|
|
Narcotic Control Act of 1956 did what?
|
Increased penalties, made heroin illegal, outlawed marijuana
|
|
Minimum storage requirements for a controlled substance:
|
Securely locked, substantially constructed, no indication of contents
|
|
Semisolid preperation for application to body
|
Ointment
|
|
Medication administration via Subq or IM route is effective in pts who:
|
have inadequeste peripheral perfusion
|
|
Elimination of remnants of medication is:
|
Excretion
|
|
Rate of absorbtion of med given IO compared to given IV is:
|
Identical, both go into a noncollapsible channel w/ rapid flow into circulation
|
|
Cylindrical gelatin container enclosing medication
|
Capsule
|
|
As a paramedic, you are responsible for ensuring that medication administration in the field is:
|
Safe, therapeutic and effective
|
|
Onset of Medication given via IV route is as fast as
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IO Route
|
|
After ACH Acetylcholine is synthesized by the body what happens?
|
Acetylcholinesterase breaks the ACH down to acetate and choline
|
|
Dominant Nervous System during rest
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Parasympathetic
|
|
Functionally, the Nervous System is divided into:
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Central and Peripheral
|
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You should obtain a list of the pts medications for what reason?
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To avoid a dangerouse interaction with other drugs
|
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Medication that stimulates a response in a receptor site:
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Agonist
|
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Medications that lower BP by causing kidneys to excrete water/salt
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Diuretics
|
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An unwanted but predictable reaction to a drug
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Side effect
|
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Medication that are not made from animals, vegetables or minerals
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Synthetic
|
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Medications that inhibit the Sympathetic NS
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Sympatholytics
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Medications that mimic
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"metics" (sympathomimetic)
|
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A medication will most likely harm a pt if it is:
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Contraindicated
|
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Endotracheal meds in cardiac arrest are:
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Not recommended due to questionable absorbtion
|
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For a medication to carry the USP label it must:
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have active ingredient w/in 95% to what is stated on label
|
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Promethazine(phenergan) is used mainly for:
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Nausea
|
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Rate of absorbtion of medication via the transdermal rte will be quicker in a pt with what?
|
fever
|
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Nicotinic receptors are stimulated by what neurotransmitter?
|
Acetylcholine
|
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What is added to the name of a medication to make it official?
|
USP
|
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Ultimate goal of emergency medication?
|
for med to reach therapeutic concentration in bloodstream
|
|
Unlike Schedule I drugs, Sch II drugs have?
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Accepted medical uses
|
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A drug that blocks the effect of another drug is referred to as:
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Antagonist
|
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Decreased drug responsiveness
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Tolerance
|
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The comnbined effects of two drugs which are greater than their individual effects:
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Synergism (1+1=3)
|
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Drugs that cause increased cardia force
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Inotropic
|
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IM, SC injections are contraindicated in pts with:
|
decreased peripheral perfusion
|
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The chemical name of a drug:
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Describes the chemical makeup
|
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The unique name of drug under which the manufacturer registers new drug
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Trade name
- |
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General name for drug
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Generic name
|
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Drug name that contains USP
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Official name
|
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Schedule II drugs have this propensity for dependance and abuse
|
Very high
|
|
Sch III drugs have this propensity for dependance and abuse
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Medium abuse potential
|
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Which government agency determines the safety and efficacy of drugs?
|
FDA
|
|
Which government agency regulates biologic products like vaccines?
|
Public Health Service
|
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Medicine absorbed directly through skin
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Transdermal
|
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Medicine absorbed under the tongue
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Sublingual
|
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Medicine absorbed through cheek
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Buccal
|
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Study of metabolism and actions of medicine in the body
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Pharmokinetics
|
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Effect that causes 2 drugs given to same pt to have same effect, doublin pt response
|
Summation
|
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A unique response that is pt specific
|
Idiosyncrasy effect
|
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How the medication causes it's intended effect
|
Mechanism of Action
|
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Dermatologic drugs affect what system?
|
Integumentary
|
|
A liquid, usually water, that contains one or more substances dissolved entirely:
|
Solution
|
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Study of medications and their effect/actions on the body:
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Pharmacology
|
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Time it takes for a medication to reach a min effective level at its target tissue
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Onset of Action
|
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Amount of medication still active when it reaches its target organ
|
Bioavailability
|
|
Overstimulation of muscarinic receptors will cause:
|
excessive lacrimation, bradycardia, diarhea, meosis
|
|
Adrenergic nerve fibers release what:
|
epinephrine and norepinephrine
|
|
Larger dose of same cncentration drug intended to achieve therapeutic level quickly
|
Loading dose
|
|
Dilute alcoholic extract used as skin antiseptic
|
Tincture
|
|
Process of chemical signaling between cells
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Neurotransmission
|
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Analysis of a drug to evaluate its potency
|
Assay
|
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Procedure for determining a drugs concentration
|
Bioassay
|
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2 Types of Peripheral Nerves
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Afferent-body to brain
Efferent-brain to body |
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Drugs given via ET tube (NAVEL)
|
Naloxone, Atropine, Vasopressin, Epi and Lidocaine
|
|
Route of Medication through GI tract
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Enteral
|
|
Any drug route that is not through skin, gi or mucous membranes
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Parenteral
|
|
IM injection amts
|
1-5 ml
|
|
Sub Q injection amounts
|
up to 2 ml
|
|
Energy dependant transport
|
Active transport-lower to higher concentrations
|
|
Transport from higher to lower that does not require energy
|
Passive Diffusion
|
|
Biotransformation occurs in what 2 ways?
|
med is transformed into metabolit or it becomes more water soluble
|
|
Adverse reaction inadvertently induced in pt by a treatment given:
|
iatrogenic response
|
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Incresed effect when med is given in several successive doses
|
Cumulative
|
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Meds that relieve pain
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Analgesics
|
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Absence of the sensation of pain
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Analgesia
|
|
Dermatologic drugs affect what system?
|
Integumentary
|
|
A liquid, usually water, that contains one or more substances dissolved entirely:
|
Solution
|
|
Study of medications and their effect/actions on the body:
|
Pharmacology
|
|
Time it takes for a medication to reach a min effective level at its target tissue
|
Onset of Action
|
|
Amount of medication still active when it reaches its target organ
|
Bioavailability
|
|
Reverse the effect of opiod drugs/example
|
Opiod Antagonist/Narcan
|
|
Induces a loss of sensation to touch or pain
|
Anesthetic
|
|
Receptor site for Benzodiazapine drugs
|
GABA receptors
|
|
What type drugs release dopamine and norepinephrine?
|
CNS Stimulants
|
|
Drugs that cause extrapyramidal symptoms:
|
Psychotherapeutic
|
|
Drugs that affect the Somatic (motor) nervous system?
|
Neuromuscular Blcoking agents
|
|
Paralytic of choice for prehospital airway
|
succinylcholine
|
|
Sympathomimetics stimulate what?
|
Adrenal medulla
|
|
Which antiarrhythnic drugs reduce adrenergic response of receptors that increase hr?
|
Beta blockers
|
|
Protease inhibitor drugs are used to treat what?
|
HIV
|
|
All neuromuscular blocking agents affect:
|
parasympathetic NS and induce paralysis
|
|
Which adrenergic receptor contrls the release of norepinephrine?
|
Alpha 2
|
|
Which medication is not a nondepolorizing neuromuscular blocking agent?
|
Succinylcholine
|
|
In order to relieve bronchospasms associated with asthma, you would give a?
|
Beta 2 agonist
|
|
Chronotropic effect would affect what?
|
Heart Rate
|
|
Dromotropic effect would target what?
|
Electrical conduction of heart
|
|
3 types of skeletal mucsle relaxants:
|
central-cns depression
direct acting-target muscle neuromuscular blocking-produce paralysis |
|
Class of medications derived from plants/example
|
cardiac glycosides/Digoxin
|
|
Drugs that control sodium/water concentrations to lower BP
|
Thiazides
|
|
Drugs that lower sodium/calcium concentrations to lower BP
|
Loop diuretics
|
|
Drugs that have both anti-hypertensive and anti-arrythmic properties
|
Calcium channel blockers
|
|
Drugs that interfere with collection of platelets
|
Anti-platelets
|
|
Drugs thatp revent thromi from forming
|
Anti-coagulants
|
|
Druds that control cholesterol
|
Reductase inhibitors (statins)
|
|
@nd line respiratory emergency drugs?
|
Xanthines
|
|
Dissolves a clot once formed
|
Thrombolytic
|
|
Common glaucoma medications
|
Humorsol, Flropryl
|
|
Common opthalmic medications
|
Tetracaine, Pontacaine
|
|
Most commonly used medication pre-hospital
|
O2
|
|
Common Benzodiazipines
|
Midazaolam(Versed) and Diazapam (Valium)
|
|
Common Barbiturate
|
Thiopental (Pentothal)
|
|
Common non-barbiturate hypnotics
|
Etamidate(amidate) and Propofol (Diprivan)
|
|
Hormone replacement drug used in hypothyroidism
|
Synthroid
|
|
Drugs used to treat adrenal cortex disorders
|
corticosteroids
|
|
Drug used to facilitate labor
|
Pitocin (oxytocin)
|
|
Drug used to suppress force of contractions
|
tocolyticcs-Mag Sulfate and Brethine
|
|
Cancer drugs
|
Antineoplastic
|
|
Antimalarial drugs
|
Larium, Mephaquin
|
|
Anti TB Drugs
|
Isoniazid, rifampicin
|
|
What do antihelmintics treat?
|
worms/parasites
|
|
Gout medications
|
urisocuric
|
|
What vitamin can be given IV before giving dextrose to facilitate metabolism?
|
Thiamin (B1)
|
|
Sodium channel clockers work by:
|
slowing conduction through heart
|
|
Calcium channel blockers work by:
|
provide incresed o2 to heart by coronary artery dialation and reduced peripheral vascular resistance
|
|
Medications that relieve pain without the side effects of opiods are called:
|
opiod agonist/antagonist
|
|
Condition in which pt rapidly becomes tolerant to a med:
|
tachyphylaxis
|
|
Total body water is what % wt of adult man
|
60%
|
|
Water inside cells and %
|
Intracellular 45%
|
|
Water outside cells and %
|
Extracellular 15%
|
|
2 types extracellular fluid and %
|
Interstial 10.5% spinal fluid
Intravascular 4.5% plasma |
|
Two or more atoms make a :
|
Molecule
|
|
Organic molecules contain what?
|
Carbon (sugars)
|
|
Inorganic molecules do not contain?
|
Carbon (salts)
|
|
Another name for electrolytes
|
Ions
|
|
What stabilizes electrical charges
|
Water
|
|
Positive charged electrolytes
|
Cations
|
|
Negative charged electrolytes
|
Anions
|
|
Major cations in body
|
sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium
|
|
Major anions in body
|
bicarb, phosphorus, chloride
|
|
Unit of measurement for electrolytes
|
milliequivalent mEq
|
|
Principal extracellular cation
|
Sodium NA+
|
|
Principal intracellular cation
|
Potassium K+
|
|
Plays major role in neuromuscalur function
|
Potassium
|
|
Cellular potassium levels are controlled by what?
|
Insulin
|
|
Hypo/Hyperkalemia
|
low/high potassium
|
|
Principal cation for bone growth
|
Calcium Ca++
|
|
Low calcium level: name and effects on body
|
hypocalcemia, can cause overstimulation of nerve cells, decreased bp, cramps
|
|
Controls neuromuscular irratibility and plays role in metabolism of proteins/carbs
|
Magnesium
|
|
Determining factor between acidosis and alkalosis
|
sodium bicarb level (HCO3-)
|
|
Primary determinate of stomach ph, also regulates extracellular fluid levels
|
Chloride
|
|
Important component of ATP/Energy
|
Phosphorus
|
|
Prevents loss of water from kidneys by causing reabsorbtion in renal tubules
|
ADH-Antidiuretic Hormone
|
|
Name for effects of osmotic pressure on a cell
|
Tonicity (sodium/water movement)
|
|
Internal environments resistance to change
|
Homeostasis
|
|
Solution with same osmolarity as body fluids
|
Isotonic 0.9% - NS, LR
|
|
Solution with osmolarity less than body fluids
|
Hypotonic (cells burst) D5W
|
|
Solution with greater osmalrity than body fluids
|
Hypertonic 2% saline
|
|
Do not give LR to pts with what?
|
Liver disease
|
|
Dialysis pts may need what solution
|
Hypotonic
|
|
Replacement rule for isotonic crystalloid solutions is:
|
3/1 3 ml solution to replace 1 ml blood loss
|
|
Bolus what volume fluid to maintain perfusion
|
20ml/kg
|
|
Bodys internal blood clotting mechanism
|
hemostasis
|
|
LR/NS replace volume but cannot carry what?
|
O2
|
|
Most important part of IV therapy
|
Sterilty
|
|
Once solution is unwrapped it must be used within?
|
24 hrs
|
|
2 types of iv delivery sets
|
microdrip 60 gtts/min
macrodrip 10/15 gtts/min |
|
6 rights of medication administration
|
Right medication, dose, time, pt and documentation
|
|
Name for the liver's partial or complete inactivation of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation
|
First pass effect
|
|
Drug that prevents conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin !!
|
ACE inhibitors for HTN and CHF
|
|
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are prescribed for what?
|
depression and antipsychotic
|
|
Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, prescribed for depression
|
TCA tricyclic antidepressants
|
|
2 types of iv delivery sets
|
microdrip 60 gtts/min
macrodrip 10/15 gtts/min |
|
6 rights of medication administration
|
Right medication, dose, time, pt and documentation
|
|
Name for the liver's partial or complete inactivation of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation
|
First pass effect
|
|
Drug that prevents conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin !!
|
ACE inhibitors for HTN and CHF
|
|
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are prescribed for what?
|
depression and antipsychotic
|
|
Lactated ringers solution is generally used in the field for pts who:
|
have lost alot of blood
|
|
When inserting IV catheter, the needle should be at what degree angle from the skin?
|
45
|
|
When starting an external jugular line you should always:
|
place pt supine, head down, feel for carotid pulse and occlude jugular vein with finger
|
|
Infiltration is caused by:
|
IV passes through vein, pt moves excessively, iv becomes loose or disclodged
|
|
Signs of circulatory overload include:
|
JVD, pedal edema and dyspnea
|
|
S/S of air embolus
|
cyanosis, even with high flow O2, shock and resp. distress
|
|
Care for air emobolus pt:
|
left side, head down, assist ventilations
|
|
To avoid catheter sheer:
|
Never rethread an iv catheter
|
|
To calculate IV drip rate:
|
vol x gtts divided by time in min
|
|
Calculate concentration of drug
|
mg divided by ml
|
|
calculate gtts/min
|
dose needed x gtts divided by concentration
|
|
Practice of preventing contamination of pt
|
medical asepsis
|
|
rectal drug for seizures
|
Valium/diastat
|
|
most syringes are marked with
|
10 calibrations per ml/0.1ml
|
|
most commonly used syringe
|
3ml
|
|
Syringe selection based on:
|
volume of med to administer
|
|
needle lengths
|
3/8' to 2"
|
|
Gauge of needle refers to
|
diameter
|
|
smaller the needle:
|
larger the diameter
|
|
common needle gauges
|
18-26
|
|
Needle gauge used depends on
|
rt of administration
|
|
injecting sterile water into vial of med;
|
drug reconstitution
|
|
intradermal inj specifics
|
10-15 degrees, 3/8-1' needle less than 1 ml
|
|
intradermal injection site to avoid
|
areas w/superficial vessels
|
|
intradermal inj. sites
|
anterior forearm, upper back
|
|
sc shots are given where/
|
between dermis and muscle
|
|
volume for Sc
|
1 ml or less
|
|
sc sites
|
upper arm, ant thigh, stomach
|
|
Sc specifics
|
1/2-1', 45 degree angle, pinch skin
|
|
Im volume
|
up to 5 ml
|
|
Im sites/specifics
|
lat thigh, ant thigh, glutes, deltoid
|
|
flush for bolus
|
20 ml
|
|
sleeve place around iv bag to force fluid out
|
pressure infuser device
|
|
potential complication with IO rt
|
compartment syndrome
|
|
Adult/ear
Ped/ear |
pull up and back
pull down and back |
|
intranasal meds
|
narcan and versed
|
|
most common inhalation med
|
O2
|
|
With MDI, pt holds breath for:
|
3-5 sec
|
|
Essential when adm. beta agonist drug
|
cardiac monitor
|
|
ET med adm requires what?
|
2-2.5x standard dose
|
|
O2 amt w/ nebulizer
|
6L
|