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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pathogenic flagellates |
G. lamblia, D. fragilis, T. vaginalis |
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Only flagellate to inhabit small intestine |
G. lamblia |
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Flagellate cysts that are uninuclated |
Chilomastix mesnili, Retortamonas intestinalis |
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Characteristic shape of C. mesnili cyst |
lemon or nipple-shaped |
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G. lamblia cyst features |
with axoneme, parabasal bodies, and remnants of flagella |
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C. mesnili cyst other features |
Curved fibril alongside cytostome referred to as Sheperd's crook |
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Enteromonas hominis cyst other feature |
Bipolar arrangement of nucleus, resembles Endolimax nana cyst |
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Retortamonas intestinalis cyst other features |
Cystostome extends above nucleus with bird's beak appearance and resembles C. mesnili cyst |
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Motility of G. lamblia trophozoite |
Falling leaf-like |
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Number of nuclei for G. lamblia cyst |
4 |
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Number of nuclei for E. hominis |
2 or 4 |
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Flagellates with 2 nuclei in their trophozoite form |
G. lamblia and D. fragilis (80%) |
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Number of flagella for G. lamblia trophozoite |
8 |
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Number of flagella for C. mesnili trophozoite |
4 (3 anterior and 1 cytostome) |
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Number of flagella for Enteromonas hominis trophozoite |
4 (3 anterior and 1 posterior_ |
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Number of flagella for Retortamonas intestinalis trophozoite |
2 (1 anterior and 1 posterior) |
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Number of Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite flagella |
None |
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Number of P. hominis trophozoite flagella |
4 (3 posterior and 1 in undulating membrane) |
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Characteristic appearance of G. lamblia trophozoite |
Old man w/ glasses appearance; prominent sucking-disc and axostyle; bilaterally symmetrical |
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Characteristic motility of C. mesnili |
Cork-screw or rotary |
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Characteristic appearance of C. mesnili trophozoite |
Prominent cytostome with spiral croove |
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Enteromonas hominis characteristic appearance |
One side flattened
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Flagellates with jerky movement |
E. hominis, and R. intestinalis |
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D. fragilis trophozoite characteristic feature |
Multiple hyaline, leaf-like pseudopodia; nucleus has fragmented tetrakaryosome |
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Pentatrichomonas hominis trophozoite characteristic appearance |
Long undulating membrane; axostyle; and fine, scattered granules |
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R. intestinalis trophozoite distinguishing feature |
Cytostome extend 1/2 length of the body |
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General characteristics of Trichomonads |
exist only in trophozoite forms, axostyle extends beyond their bodies, and equipped with anterior tuft of flagella and undulating membrane |
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T. tenax axostyle and undulating membrane characteristics |
Thick axostyle with undulating membrane almost as long as costa |
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P. hominis axostyle and undulating membrane characteristics |
Semi-rigid axosytyle with undulating membrane as long as costa |
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T. vaginalis axostyle and undulating membrane characteristics |
Axostyle is split into fibrils and Undulating membrane <2/3 of costa |
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T. vaginalis cytoplasmic inclusions |
Large amount of siderophil granules |
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Giardia lamblia disease caused |
lambliasis, or traveler's diarrhea and has been associated with Gay bowel syndrome |
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Flagellate that also causes trouble with children in daycare |
G. lamblia |
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Dientamoeba fragilis disease caused |
intermittend diarrhea |
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T. vaginalis disease caused |
Non-specific vaginitis, urethritis, or prostatitis |
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T. vaginalis vaginitis signs and symptoms |
foul-smelling yellowish/greenish vaginal discharge accompanied by intense itchiness in vaginal area |
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Present forms in Leishmania |
Amastigote and Promastigote |
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Present forms in T. brucei complex |
Epimastigote and Trypomastigote |
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Present forms in T. cruzi |
Amastigote, Promastigote, Epimastigote, Trypomastigote |
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Diagnostic stage in man (intracellular) for Leishmania spp. |
Amastigote |
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Diagnostic stage in man (extracellular) |
Trypomastigote |
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"Habitat" of amastigotes
|
inside endothelial cells and phagocytes because they cannot be degraded |
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Stage of Leishmania that occurs in sandfly vector and is recovered from clulture |
Promastigote |
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Infective stage form in Leishmaniosis |
Promastigote |
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Stage in hemoflagellate life cycle that appears in tse tse fly in T. brucei complex |
Epimastigote |
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Diagnostic stage forms in T. brucei complex |
Trypomastigote |
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Infective stage for T. brucei complex |
Metacystic trypomastigote |
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Shape of trypomastigote |
C, S, or U-shaped |
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Forms present in man in T. cruzi infections |
Amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote |
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Stages in T. cruzi infection present in bugs |
Promastigote, epimastigote, and Metacystic trypomastigote |
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Stages in T. cruzi infection present in man |
Amastigote to Trypomastigote |
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Leishmania spp. with Phlebotomos papataci sandfly vector |
L. tropica, and L. donovani |
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L. brazilliensis sandfly vector |
Phlebotomos intermedius |
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L. tropica habitat |
Skin |
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L. braziliensis habitat |
skin and mucus membranes |
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L. donovani habitat |
visceral organs (liver, spleen, and lymph nodes) |
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MOT of Leishmania spp. |
Skin inoculation of promastigote by sandfly vector |
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis |
Local or metastatic skin lesions with elevated margins, which are painless but leave ugly scar on healing |
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Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis description |
Appear like cutaneous leishmaniasis but becomes a leprosy-like lesion called tapir nose |
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Visceral leishmaniasis description |
fever, organomegaly, and anemia |
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Two kinds of cutaneous leishmaniasis |
old world and new world |
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Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agents and characteristic lesion |
L. tropica and L. major causes "Oriental Sore" |
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New world cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agent and characteristic lesion |
L. mexicana causes "Chiclero ulcer" |
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Visceral Leishmaniasis aka |
Kala-Azar fever |
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Kala-Azar meaning |
means darkening of skin |
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Causative agent of Muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
L. braziliensis |
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Trypanosoma gambiense vector |
Glossina palpalis, G. tachinoides |
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T. rhodensiense vector |
Glossina morsitans, G. swynnertoni |
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Brucei complex |
T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense |
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T. cruzi vector |
Reduviid, Triatoma, Panstrongylus spp. |
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Aka assassin bugs |
Reduviid |
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Habitat of Brucei complex during febrile stage |
Blood, Lymph |
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T. cruzi amastigote habitat |
Endothelial and muscle cells |
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Habitat of Brucei complex during sleeping stage |
CSF |
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T. cruzi trypomastigote habitat in febrile stage |
Blood |
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T. cruzi trypomastigote habitat in sleeping stage |
CSF |
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MOT of Brucei complex |
Skin inoculation of metatrypomastigote by tse tse fly |
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MOT of T. cruzi |
contamination of bite site and conjunctiva by bug feces |
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Old world or African Trypanosomiasis |
Gambian (chronic) and Rhodesian (acute) |
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Gambian aka |
West African trypanosomiasis |
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Rhodesian aka |
East african tryponasomiasis |
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New World or American Trypanosomiasis aka |
Chaga's Disease |
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Clinical manifestations of Old world Trypanosomiasis |
Trypanosome chancre, Invasion of blood, Invasion of lymph nodes, Invasion of CNS |
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The Winterbottom sign is seen in? |
Trypanosomiasis invasion of lymph nodes especially in the cervical lymph nodes |
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Kerandel sign is seen in? |
Sleeping stage or Invasion of CNS of old world trypanosomes |
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2 important signs for acute New World trypanosomiasis |
Romanas and Chagoma |
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Romanas sign definition |
unilateral conjunctivitis or orbital edema |
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Chagoma sign definition |
primary lesions that appear at site of inoculation few hours after bite |
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Chronic Chaga's disease signs and symptoms |
Organomegaly of the heart, colon, and esophagus |
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Chronic Chaga's disease time frame |
last for 20 years or more |
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Chaga's disease different types |
acute, chronic, and congenital |
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Largest intestinal protozoan |
Balantidium coli |
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Balantidium coli trophozoites also secretes? |
Hyaluronidase |
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Shape of ulcer for B. coli |
Wide neck with rounded base |
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Habitat of B. coli |
Large intestine |
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Size of B. coli cyst |
45 x 64 um |
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Balantidium coli cyst appearance |
Has a kidney or bean-shaped macronucleus, spherical micronucleus, contractile vacuoles, and retracted cilia |
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Purpose of B. coli macronucleus |
for vegetations |
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Purpose of B. coli micronucleus |
Reproduction |
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B. coli trophozoite size |
50x70um |
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Morphology of B. coli trophozoite |
Equipped with cell mouth (cytostome), and cell anus (cytopyge), provided with 2 contractile vacuoles, and with micronucleus at concavity of macronucleus |
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B. coli characteristic movement |
directional tumbling |