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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define dysplasia
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Abnormal tissue change which is less differentiated (moving toward cancer).
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What is meant by the term dedifferentiated?
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Starting to look more undifferentiated
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Define anaplasia
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Total loss of differentiation as might occasionally be seen in malignant neoplams.
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Can the heart undergo hyperplasis to adapt to an extra work load?
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NO, the heart never makes more cells. It can, however, undergo hypertrophy (increase in size) to adapt.
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What is the least differentiated cell?
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Stem cell
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What are 3 ways to adapt to stress or change (acquired benign changes)?
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1. Hyperplasia: increase # of cells in an organ or tissue
2. Hypertrophy: increase size of cells 3. Atrophy: decrease in cell size by loss of cell substance |
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Which tissues are usually affectced by hyperplasia?
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Hormone targeted tissues usually affected by hyperplasia. For example, gonads, prostate, breast and uterus
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What is a physiological reason for endometrial hyperplasia?
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Build up of lining during monthly cycle
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What is a pathological reason for endometrial hyperplasia?
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pre cancer, cancer due to exogenous hormones
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What are some things that could cause atrophy?
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Decreased workload
Loss of innervation Decreased blood supply Inadequate nutrition Decreased endocrine stimulation Aging (atrophy of collagen in skin) |
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Of all things that could cause atrophy, which is usually responsible for testicular atrophy?
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Decreased endocrine stimulation
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Define hypoplasia
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Defective formation or incomplete development of a part
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Define agenesis
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Absence/failure of formation
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Define metaplasia
How does it happen? |
Abnormal transformation of an adult, fully differentiated tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind.
Tissue adapts to chronic stress (smokers larynx or esophagus exposed to chronic acidity) |
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Define anaplasia
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Total loss of differentiation as might occasionally be seen in malignant neoplams
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