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68 Cards in this Set
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Pharmakon |
Has a literal meaning of "drug or pharmaceutical" |
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Gnosis |
Has a literal meaning of "knowledge" |
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Pharmacognosy |
Study of drugs from natural sources; literal meaning "knowledge of drug" |
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Plants Animals Microbes |
Sources of drugs under pharmacognosy |
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Opium |
Stone of immortality (according to Paracelsus) |
Stone of immOrtality |
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Babylonians |
They made clay models of man showing their knowledge about the human anatomy |
"BABY plays CLAY" |
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Egyptians |
They are known for their practice of embalming. |
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Myrrh |
An oleo-gum resin used for embalming because of their astringent property. |
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Pharmacognosy |
An applied science that deals with the biologic, biochemical, and economic features of natural drugs and their constituents. |
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C. A. Seydler |
He is a medical German student from Haale; introduced the word "pharmacognosy" in his dissertation, Analecta Pharmacognostica in 1815. |
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J. A. Schmidt |
He first coined "pharmacognosy" in his hand-written manuscript, Lehrbuch der Materia Medica in 1812. |
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George/Georg Ebers |
He discovered the paper scrolls in the pyramids in Egypt containing lists of plants uses as medicine. |
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Pedanios Dioscorides |
He wrote the book, De Materia Medica Libri Cinque, which covered 600 plant drugs. |
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Claudius Galen |
He prepared formulas of drugs containing plant and animal constituents. |
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Pharmaceutical Compounding |
Galen is known for his galenical works; he is known as the Father of: |
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Fluckiger |
He developed the most comprehensive scope and idea of pharmacognosy. |
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Carolus Linnaeus |
He is known for his binomial method of naming of animals and plants; he is regarded as the Father of Taxonomy. |
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Crude drug |
Vegetable or animal drugs obtained from natural sources that have undergone only the process of collecting and drying. |
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Carbohydrates Fats Proteins |
These are primary metabolites of plant metabolism. (3) |
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Extractive or derivative |
It is considered to be the chief constituent of the drug; the product of extraction |
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Menstruum |
This is the solvent used in extraction. |
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Marc |
These are the undissolved portion of the drug remained after extraction. |
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Percolate |
This is the product of percolation. |
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Indigenous |
These are plants growing in their native countries, e.g: Acacia in Senegal Aloe vera in Barbados Island Apricot in Armenia |
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Naturalized |
These are plants growing in a foreign land or locality other than their native homes. |
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Carbohydrates |
Gums and mucilages are secondary metabolite of plants coming from what metabolite? |
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Fats |
Fixed oils and waxes are secondary metabolite of plant coming from what constituent? |
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Proteins |
Alkaloids are secondary metabolite of plants coming from what primary metabolite? |
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Biogenesis or drug biosynthesis |
This is the process in plants or animals in which there is a formation of constituents mainly coming from the primary metabolites, e.g. formation of glycosides from carbohydrates. |
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Ontogeny Heredity Environment |
Biogenesis is affected by three factors. What are these factors? |
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Ontogeny |
This is a factor affecting drug biosynthesis in which the stage of development of a plant or animal may affect what constituent form. |
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Cannabidiol |
Cannabinol can be obtained from the mature leaves of Cannabis sativa; what is the the constituent present in its young leaves? |
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Crude extract |
This is a mixture of constituents isolated from the crude drugs |
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Codeine |
This is an opioid alkaloid most widely used as antitussive. |
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Morphine |
This is the most important and the most abundant opium alkaloid. |
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Friedrich Serturner |
He is the first to isolate morphine from the latex of opium poppy. |
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Sus scrofa |
This is the scientific name of pig or hog. |
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Bos taurus |
This is the scientific name of cow. |
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Human Insulin (Humulin®) |
This is the first preparation available created using recombinant DNA technology by Eli Lilly. |
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Escherichia coli |
Eli Lilly used this microorganism to create Humulin® from recombinant DNA technology. |
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Streptomycin |
This is the first aminoglycoside; discovered by Waksman. |
"GREASY WAKS STRIP" |
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Streptomyces griseus |
Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside obtained from what fungi? |
"GREASY WAKS STRIP" |
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Streptomycin |
This is the most ototoxic aminoglycoside. |
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Streptomycin |
This is the only aminoglycoside used in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. |
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Streptomycin |
This aminoglycosides is the DOC for tularemia. |
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Ergotamine |
This ergot alkaloid is the treatment for acute migraine. |
MI-grai-NE |
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Ergonovine |
This is an ergot alkaloid used as an oxytocic agent. |
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Lysergic acid diethanolamide |
This is also known as LSD, or acid |
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Avamigran® |
What is the brand name of Ergotamine? |
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Colchicum autumnale |
Colchicine is an antimitotic agent used in the treatment of acute gout. It came from: (scientific name) |
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Liliaceae |
Autumn crocus (Cochicum autumnale) the plant where colchicine is obtained is from the family: |
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Galenicals |
These are compounded preparations using substance from natural resources e.g. toothache drops, efficascent oil, etc. |
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Akapulko |
Andadasi is one of the ten approved medicinal plants; commonly called as: |
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Cassia alata |
The scientific name of akapulko is: |
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Antifungal; treatment of ringworm infection |
The leaves of Cassia alata is used as: |
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Momordicin |
The bitter component of Momordica charantia; lowers blood sugar level. |
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Diabetes mellitus |
Ampalaya is used as adjunct in the treatment of what condition? |
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Momordica charantia |
The scientific name of bitter gourd or bitter melon is: |
Bitter gourd or bitter melon is commonly known as ampalaya |
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Allicin |
This is the active constituent in garlic; lowers cholesterol level, lowers blood pressure, and inhibits platelet aggregation. |
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Bawang or garlic (Vawang) |
Allium sativum is commonly known as: |
"SatiVum" |
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Sibuyas or onion (CEbuyas) |
Allium cepa is commonly known as: |
"CEpa" |
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Psidium guajava |
What is the scientific name of bayabas? |
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Antiseptic |
The leaves extract of Psidium guajava is used as an excellent; |
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Myrtaceae |
Bayabas or Psidium guajava is from the family of: |
The family of fruit bearing plants |
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Vitex negundo |
The scientific name of lagundi is: |
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Lagundi or Vitex Negundo |
This is one of the Philippine Medicinal Plants used as mucolytic; used in the treatment of cough, colds, and asthma. |
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Lagundi or Vitex negundo leaves extract |
This is the active ingredient in Plemex® and Ascof®. |
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Niyog-niyogan |
Quisqualis indica is commonly known as: |
"NagKISKAsan ang NIYOG dahil ss UOD." |