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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a fatigue related crash? |
A fatigue related crash is physical or emotional and enables you to have slower reaction time and causes disempowered choices. |
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Reasons why the number of road fatalities have decreased over the past 4 years: |
Safer roads - speed bumps,noise lines Car safety features -airbags, child/baby seat restraints, rear vision cameras, seat belts. Speed limits-school zones, learning speeds lower Advertisements - "Plan B" Random Breath Testing Longer to get full licence |
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Why is speeding a leading factor to crashes ? |
Speeding is a leading factor to crashes because: You can't stop in time Slower reaction time Less control of car More force |
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Why do people take risks? |
To show off, push limits and young people especially have a tendancy to rebel against the rules. e.g.speeding, not wearing helmets,drink driving etc. |
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Learner's Licence BAC: Display of L Plates: Seatbelt: Speed Limit: Supervision: Supervise a learner: |
Cant tow anything L plates must be clearly displayed on front and back not hidden. Everyone in the car must have a seat belt Don't exceed 90km/h and observe when below. When you are driving you need to be supervised by an Australian full licence driver. You must not supervise another learner driver. Can drive vehicle with up to 8 cylinders as supervised. |
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What does BAC stand for ? |
Blood Alcohol Content |
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What is the rule for mobile phones for L and P Platers ? |
No mobile phone use including hand free mode or with the loudspeaker operating whilst:
-driving, -vehicle is moving -vehicle is stopped but not parked |
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Provisional Licence: |
0 Blood Alcohol Content P Plates must be clearly displayed on front and back of the vehicle, not hidden. Everyone in the car must have a seat belt Don't exceed the 90km/h (p1) and 100km/h (p2). No driving vehicles with 8 + cylinders or a turbo charged or supercharged engine (excluding diesel powered engines). You must not supervise another learner driver. Hold P1 for 1 year and hold P2 for 2 years P1=4 demerits and P2=7 demerits |
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What is the rule for peer passengers for P Platers? |
If you are under 25, don't drive with over person under the age of 21 between the hours of 11pm and 5am. |
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Full licence: |
P1/ P2 can tow up to 250 kg Don't exceed speed limits Everyone in the car must have a seat belt P1/ P2 must drive vehicle with 6 or less cylinders If got P's for automatic, cannot drive manual until tested and cannot go for manual test until been on P's for 2 years. |
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What is the BAC for each licence ? |
Learners - 0 BAC P Platers - 0 BAC Full licence - 0.05 BAC |
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What is the safety purpose behind using a mobile phone while driving? |
Serves as a distraction - when talking on the phone/ texting people often take one hand off the wheel and take their eyes off the road. This causes less control of the vehicle and slower reaction time in an emergency or unexpected event. |
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What is the safety purpose behind the 90 km/h speed restriction for Learner Drivers ?
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They careless familiar with driving and less experienced on the road in the action of other drivers. This restriction allows L platers to develop skills, improve their reaction time and familiarity with the road. |
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What is the safety purpose behind not supervising a learner driver if you are on your P's ?
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You are still learning yourself, so you aren't in the position to teach or develop the driving skills of learner drivers. |
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What is the safety purpose behind having 0 BAC to drive on your L's and P's ?
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As inexperienced drivers, having alcohol in their would be detrimental to their reaction time, awareness, and driving skills, which they are still in the process of developing. |
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What is the safety purpose behind if you are under 25 not driving with more than 1 passenger under 21 years between 11pm-5am ?
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Night driving tends to be riskier than daytime driving. Also passengers can be distracting and encourage risk taking behaviours including speeding and drink driving. |
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What is the safety purpose behind not driving any vehicle with turbo or super charged engines if on your L's and P's?
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The power of the vehicles they can drive is limited to ensure that they have complete control of the vehicle as well as observe the road rules and adhere to the speed limits. |
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What are the risks associated with night driving ? |
Can't see as far as in daylight Vision is decreased all around us Being tired and fatigued Harder to see pedestrians/animals/ signs Busy roads/trucks/different coloured lights Lights from other cars from behind or a high beam/ lights in front. |
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What are the risks associated with driving in the rain ?
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Slippy roads, therefore harder to brake and make sharp turns. Rain on windows/heavy rain/car window fog/ visibility difficulty. Distractions while using wipers and demisters/ noise from rain. Higher risk of accidents. |
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What are the risks associated with driving in fog?
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Harder to see long distances, as light doesn't go through fog. Low visibility for pedestrians/ animal/signs/other cars. Need to drive slowly - its harder to brake quickly High risk of accidents if not driving to the conditions |
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What are the risks associated with driving with passengers in the car ?
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Getting distracted e.g. Them showing you a text Peer pressure eg. Them encouraging you to speed. Responsibility of driving others. Vision more difficult. |
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What is one of the major contributing factors related to driver behaviour? |
Driver experience - developing experience in a range of different driving conditions and road situations. |
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List weather conditions a driver should experience when on their Learners licence: |
Rain Sunny glare Windy Fog Storm Hail |
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List road situations a driver should experience when on their Learners licence:
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Light bends Highways/ Freeways Roundabouts Poor Quality Roads - dirt, loose gravel Intersections City - traffic Long distance, country driving Night Driving |
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List factors that increase the chance of a fatal accident for young drivers: |
Alcohol Drugs Speed Night Driving/ Fatigue Extra Passengers |
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What has the government implemented to address these issues ? |
Random Breath Testing (RBT) 40 school zones Education (eg.be street smart) Speed limits/ signs/cameras Fines and double (demerit points) Advertising campaigns Speedbumps/ chicanes BAC introuduced More police and designated drivers Closing time for bottle shops Better technology |
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How do you get your Leaners drivers licence? |
To get your Learners licence you must be 16 or older and need to go to a service NSW centre; prove your identity and pass a computer test (DKT). The test consists of 45 questions of road rules knowledge. Then pass an eyesight test and pay the licence and test fees unless eligible for a concession. |
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What does DKT stand for? |
Drivers Knowledge Test |
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Before sitting a DKT what should you do? |
Study the online handbooks and practice tests. |
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How long is a learner licence valid for ? |
5 years |
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How many hours do you need to complete for your learner logbook? |
120 hours including 20+ hours of night driving. |
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What is one hour of a driving lesson equivalent to in the learner logbook? |
3 hours |
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What are the requirements to gain your P2 and full drivers licence? |
Pass the theory and practical exams. |
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What are the potential consequences of speeding excessively? |
Crash - death, injury Emotional trauma No control of car Slower reaction time Impact on passengers - stress Longer to stop Harder to be observant |
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What are the bodily reactions to alcohol whilst driving?
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Slow down reflexes and reaction time Misjudgement/ poor decision making More risk taking behaviours - speeding Tired More chance of road rage Blurred vision RB tested - fine/loss of licence/jail/on record |
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What behaviours could be made illegal/ restricted to ensure young people develop their skills and knowledge in relation to driving? |
Curfew for learner drivers All cars need reverse cameras/ body seat belts Law to slow down during bad weather Sensor braking Restrictions on how many passengers you can have Different routes/lanes for buses, trucks etc Increase safety or vehicles Restrict the vehicles learner drivers can drive Breath testing prior to starting egnition. Government should pay for Learner Driver Course. |
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What factors can lead to a crash? |
Speeding Tailgating Running through red lights Drink driving Swerving sharply Extra passengers - distractions Not being aware of surroundings |
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What are the financial costs associated with a car accident? |
Medical Rehabilitation/ Retraining Vehicle repair Fines Loss of jobs Counselling Increased insurance cost |
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What are the emotional costs associated with a car accident?
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Trauma Guilt Depression/ anxiety Loss of family or friends Loss of self confidence- scared to drive Nightmares/ flashbacks Harrasment Anger |
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What are the social costs associated with a car accident?
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Isolation Permanent disability Less access to places Reputation Loss of friends Reduced social life Strained Relationships Loss of independence and connectedness |
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Why is itdifficult to calculate the amount of alcohol in your bloodstream?
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It dependson a number of factors which vary for different individuals and situations.
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What arethe factors that affect the amount of alcohol in your bloodstream? |
Gender,body size, amount of alcohol consumed, the time taken to consume alcohol, theamount of food in the stomach and the condition of the liver.
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Does drinking coffee, energy drinks or sleepingspeed up the process of alcohol leaving the body?
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No
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What arethe penalties for drink and drug driving?
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Thepenalties for drink and drug driving include loss of licence, fines, arrested –jail terms and harsher penalties for a second time offence.
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What isalcohol?
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Adepressant drug that affects most areas of the brain.
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How doesalcohol impair driving performance?
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Slows brainfunction and therefore reaction timeReducesability to judge distance and speedGives youfalse confidence
Makes itharder to concentrate and multitask.Affectsbalance. Makes youtired. |
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How doescannabis impair driving performance?
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Slows downreaction time
Altersdistance and time perception Inhibitsconcentration, coordination and alertness Narrowsyour field of vision (tunnel vision) |
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How dostimulants (speed, ecstasy, cocaine) impair driving performance?
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Makes youover confident in your driving abilityIncreasesrisk takingIncreasesthe likelihood of driving aggressively
Loss ofconcentrationNarrowsyour field of vision Havinghallucinations or delusions. |
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How do opiates (heroin, methadone, codeine) impair driving performance?
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Makes you tired and sleepy Decreases reaction time Affects balance and coordination Loss of concentration Narrows your field of vision |
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What are the human factors in road crashes?
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The thingsthat people do/do not do that have contributed to the crash.
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What arethe vehicle factors in road crashes?
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Thingslinked to any vehicle involved in a crash.
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What arethe environmental factors in road crashes?
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Features ofthe road and surrounding environment.
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Time of alcohol bodily removal |
Alcohol is removed from the body at a rate ofone unit (one standard drink) per hour.
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Fact |
If policesuspect your driving is impaired by drugs, they can arrest you and take a bloodand urine sample.
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What are examples of the human factors in road crashes?
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Lack of experience Distractions- people in the back Peer pressure Speeding Drink driving |
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What are examples of the vehicle factors in road crashes?
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Poor mechanical condition of vehicle
Motor bike Four wheel drive |
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What are examples of the environmental factors in road crashes?
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Road and surface
Weather conditions - rain, fog, windy and sun glare Power poles Trees on road side |
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If you were a family member of the passenger in an accident, what support and sacrifices would you offer? |
Take time off work to support and help Encourage the person to socialise with family and friends Encourage the person to continue persevering to do what they enjoy |
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Where does the shoulder belt distribute force to ? |
The shoulder belt distributes force to the chest.
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Where does the lap belt distribute force to ?
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The lap belt distributes force to the pelvis.
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What do seatbelts do? |
Prevent the body from accelerating, with significant force, towards the dashboard or windshield. |
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What does an antilock brake system do ? |
Prevents a vehicles wheel from locking during sudden braking which allows the driver to maintain greater steering control. |
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What do car tyres do ? |
Increases the tread on the road leading to more control. |
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What are examples of methods to reduce the risk of accidents around school? |
Signs - 40 zone - slow down Speed bumps Lollipop ladies Pedestrian crossing Zig Zag warning |
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What are examples of methods to reduce the risk of accidents around accidents or crashes.
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Flashing lights Stop-go person Witches hats Police give warnings Signs - slow down |
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What are examples of methods to reduce the risk of accidents when the sun in is your eyes?
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Sunglasses Sun visor Hat Tinted glass |
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What is the effectiveness of reducing the legal speed limit in the rain? |
Requires drivers to reduce their speed to correspond with the rain limits Prevents accidents |
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What is the effectiveness of signs for school zones?
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Expand the time zones from 8-4 to 7-5 to be more effective throughout the entire day Flashing lights indicating its school time give people pre warning |
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What are the pros and cons of signs for speed cameras?
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Pros: help people to become aware of their driving Cons: Give people the opportunity to slow down Some people only slow down for the cameras |
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What is the effectiveness of speed humps and chicanes ?
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Damage car No clear rules Effective in non traffic prone areas |
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What is the effectiveness of fines, penalties and demerit points?
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No one wants to pay - therefore become more weary Double demerit points |
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What is the effectiveness lollipop ladies and traffic lights ?
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Helps little kids cross the road in school zonesMakes people more cautious in school zones Indicates where to stop and go Helps traffic flow better |
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What is the effectiveness of police cars ? |
Good warning - make people cautious of their driving Create scare and intimidation |
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Identify dangers you would expect to see at a road accident? |
Other traffic Fire and fumes Damaged vehicle Spilt fumes or chemicals Fallen or damaged high voltage overhead powerless Unstable structures eg. powerless or buildings Broken glass |
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How would you manage other traffic in an accident scene? |
Warn other vehicles Put on hazard lights Use headlights to illuminate the scene at night Use a bystander to warn oncoming traffic |
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How would you manage a damaged vehicle in an accident scene?
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Be aware of airbags that haven't gone off Put on hand brake Put vehicle in gear Put bricks or blocks against the wheel to prevent rolling. |
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How would you manage fallen or damaged overhead powerlines in an accident scene?
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Keep away from the cable - do not move them Call emergency services |
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How would you manage a fire in an accident scene?
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Keep bystanders, casualty and self well away No naked flames or smoking Switch off the ignition |
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What is the DRSABCD action plan ? |
Danger - check for danger Response - check for response Send for help - call triple zero (000) Airways - open the airway Breathing - give 2 rescue breaths if not breathing normally Compression - give 30 compressions Defibrillation - attach if available |
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What type of injuries would you expect to see at a road accident? |
Bleeding Bruises Cuts/ Abrasions Spinal and Internal Injuries Shock Head injuries Broken bones and dislocations |
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If you found a casualty unconscious while seated in a car at an accident scene what would you do to manage their airway ? |
Lift their chin, moving the jaw forward to open the airway and allow them to breathe. |
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What are the emergency numbers that can be used within Australia? |
Triple zero (000) is Australia's primary Emergency Call service number``````````` |
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Why is the safety of the first aider a priority ? |
They need to avoid becoming a casualty themselves, need to be available to call emergency services and provide details of the accident. |
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What do airbags designed for ? |
To slow the momentum of drivers and passengers rather than force them to an abrupt halt. |
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What is an airbags ? |
A soft pillow drivers and passengers can land against in a collision, rather than landing against the steering wheel, dashboard or windscreen. |
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Seatbelts statistics |
They reduce the risk of fatal injury to front to front seat occupants by 45% and the risk of serious injury by 50%. |
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Fatigue statistics |
A factor in up to 35% of fatal road crashes Fatigue related crash are most likely to occur between midnight and 6am. One of the 3 biggest killers on NSW roads. Being awake for 17 hours has a similar affect to a BAC of 0.05. |
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What are early warning signs of fatigue? |
Yawning Tired eyes Restlessness Oversteering |
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What is a microsleep ? |
Brief,unintended episodes of sleep lasting for seconds to minutes that are a result of fatigue. They can occur when a person's eyes are open so individuals might not be aware they have had a microsleep. |
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What do frontal airbags do ? |
Reduce head - on or offset collisions when a driver is propelled forward. |
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What do side airbags do ?
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Side impact crashes,purpose when a driver refers sideways or is hit side on. Protects head and torso |
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What do curtain airbags do ?
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Additional safety for head and front in back seat. |
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What do knee airbags do ?
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Protect injury from dashboard or steering column. |
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Why is having a car expensive? |
You need to purchase the car Maintain the car Ensure it is registered each year to be safe to drive. |
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What is one of the most risk taking behaviours an individual can partake in ? |
Driving |
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Speeding statistics |
Biggest cause of deaths on NSW roads Causes around twice as many deaths as fatigue related crashes Involved in about 40% of road deaths involving young people aged 17 -25 years old. Injure about 8 times more people than those hurt in crashes because they didn't wear seatbelts. |
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Road statistics |
45% of all young Australian injury deaths are due to road traffic crashes. Injury death rate for Indigenous youth is 5 times higher than for non indigenous 17-25 aged young drivers are 1/4 of all Australian road deaths, yet only 10-15% of the licensed driver population. |
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What are the dangers of texting while driving? |
Causing individuals to become distracted and lose focus of the road and their driving Causes crashes and severe injuries or deaths. |
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What are examples of easy life saving options instead of using the phone while driving? |
Pull over to the side of the road to respond Activate voicemail Switch phone to silent to avoid the temptation Buy a mobile phone holder as a legal hands free option. |
