Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Common complications of pregnancy-induced HTN
|
Neonatal hypoglycemia and polycythemia
(Decreased uteroplacental blood flow --> fetal nutritional deprivation/ hypoxemia --> decreased glycogen storage and relative erythrocytosis) |
|
Symptoms of "hyperviscosity syndrome" in newborns
|
Tremulousness/jitteriness --> seizures due to sludging of blood in cerebral microcirculation
|
|
Rx for hyperviscosity syndrome
|
Parital exchange transfusion
|
|
Common complication of postmature infants w/ chronic placental insufficiency (SGA and wasted appearance)
|
Asphyxia and/or meconium aspiration
|
|
Time frame of three types of conjunctivitis
|
Chemical: 6-12hrs of birth, lasts for 1 day, self-limited
Gonococcal: 2-5d after birth Chlamydial: 5-14d after birth |
|
Why are infants born to chlamydia-positive mothers not routinely treated with oral Abx?
|
Increased incidence of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis among neonates having received erythromycin
|
|
What is hyaline membrane disease?
|
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
|
|
Lung compliance, volume, and direction of blood shunt in infant respiratory distress syndrome
|
Decreases, decreases, and right --> left (From PDA or PFO or in lungs)
|
|
Most common TEF is
|
Blind esophageal pouch (below it, distal esophagus is connected to the trachea)
|
|
Teratogens: when is phenytoin dangerous
|
1st trimester
|
|
Teratogens: propanolol
|
Growth retardation, decreased ability to increase HR and CO, hypoglycemia, apnea
|
|
Bile stained vomitus indicates obstruction is where?
|
Distal to ampulla of Vater
|
|
Goat's milk contains inadequate ___ and ___
|
Folate, iron
|
|
Complications of cleft lip/ palate
|
Recurrent otitis media, hearing loss, speech defects
|
|
Which is repaired first, cleft lip or palate?
|
Clef lip within 3mo, cleft palate btwn 6mo and 5 yrs
|
|
Umbilical hernia, distended abdomen, large head/ fontanelles, hypothermia, feeding difficulties, constipation, jaundice
|
Congenital hypothyroidism
|
|
How long do babies with HIV+ moms receive zidovudine for?
|
6 wks
|
|
When is PCP prophylaxis started in HIV+ infants, and with what?
|
6wks, Bactrim
|
|
Weak cry, single umbilical artery, micrognathia, small pelvis, short sternum
|
Edwards Syndrome (also rocker bottom feet and clenched hands w/ index and third fingers overlapping)
|
|
Microcephaly, sloping forehead, scalp cutis aplasia (missing portion of skin and hair), microphthalmia, coloboma, omphalocele, single umbilical artery, hypersensitivity to atropine/ pilocarpine
|
Patau Syndrome
|
|
Another name for endocardial cushion defect?
|
Complete AV canal
|
|
Common lab finding in leukocyte adherence deficiency?
|
Neutrophilia
|
|
Rx for SCID
|
BM transplant (otherwise death in first 12-24mo)
|
|
Supplements needed in infants receiving goat's milk
|
Folate, B12, iron
|
|
Possible infection in babies receiving goat's milk
|
Brucellosis
|
|
FTT, bleeding problems, fontanelle fullness, hemolytic anemia
|
Cystic fibrosis (last three are from deficiencies of vitamins K, A, and E, respectively)
|
|
Type of formula used in galactosemia
|
Soy-based
|
|
Causes of rickets
|
Inadequate vita D, liver failure, renal failure, primary hypophosphatemia
|
|
How does liver failure lead to rickets
|
Low bile salts --> decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins
|
|
Genetics of primary hypophosphatemia
|
X-linked
|
|
Lower extremity bowing with low Ca/ PO4
|
Familial primary hypophosphatemia
|
|
How to distinguish rickets from Schmid metaphyseal dysplasia
|
Latter has normal Ca, PO4, and alk phos (alk phos almost always increased in rickets)
|
|
Short, leg bowing, waddling gait, fractures, normal labs
|
Schmid metaphyseal dysplasia
|
|
Deficiencies: nightblindness, conjunctivitis, keratomalacia
|
Vitamin A
|
|
Deficiencies: hemolytic anemia in premature infants
|
Vitamin E
|
|
Deficiencies: hoarseness, anorexia, restlessness, aphonia
|
Thiamine (Vita B1)
|
|
Deficiencies: neuritis, edema, cardiac failure
|
Vita B1 (is beriberi)
|
|
Deficiencies: cheilosis, glossitis, corneal vascularization
|
Riboflavin (Vita B2)
|
|
Deficiencies: dermentia, dermatitis, diarrhea
|
Niacin/ Vita B3 (is pellagra)
|
|
Deficiencies: irritability, convulsions, anemia
|
Pyridoxine/ Vita B6 (diff from presentations in adults)
|
|
Deficiencies: depression, hypotension, muscle weakness, abd pain
|
Pantothenic acid
|
|
Deficiencies: dermatitis, seborrhea, anorexia, muscle pain, pallor, alopecia
|
Biotin
|
|
Excess: increased ICP, anorexia, hyperostosis (pain and swelling of long bones), alopecia, poor growth
|
Vita A
|
|
Excess: hypercalcemia, azotemia, N/V/D, calcinosis of tissues
|
Vita D
|
|
Excess: kidney stones
|
Vita C
|
|
Excess: flushing, pruritis
|
Niacin
|
|
Excess: sensory neuropathy
|
Pyridoxine
|
|
Intraventricular hemorrhage is often seen in these newborns and often leads to this complication
|
Preterm
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus |
|
Tacypnea, retractions, grunting, maybe cyanosis in a newborn
|
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
|
|
Maculopapular peeling rash, rhinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, saddle nose, interstitial keratitis
|
Congenital syphilis (also Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars)
|
|
Risks associated w/ maternal cocaine use
|
Vascular accidents
|
|
Causes of apnea in premature infants
|
Idiopathic apnea
|
|
Causes of apnea in term infants
|
Sepsis, reflux, congenital heart disease, seizures, hypoglycemia, airway obstruction
|
|
Signs of meningitis usually absent in neonates
|
Nuchal rigidity, Kernig/ Brudzinski signs
|
|
When to suspect twin-twin transfusion
|
Difference in hematocrit > 15, difference in body weight > 20%
|
|
Donor twin presentation in twin-twin transfusion
|
Oligohydramnios, anemia, hypovolemia, maybe shock
|
|
Recipient twin presentation in twin-twin transfusion
|
Hydramnios, plethora, hyperviscosity, respiratory distress, hyperbili, hypocalcemia, renal vein thrombosis, CHF, convulsions
|
|
Hydramnios refers to
|
Polyhydramnios
|
|
4 conditions associated w/ polyhydramnios
|
Duodenal atresia, TEF, trisomy 18, anencephaly
|
|
Congenital infections: cataracts, IUGR, myocarditis, macular rash, structural heart defects
|
Rubella
|
|
Congenital infections: hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
|
Congenital infections: IUGR, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, petechiae, intracranial calcifications, hearing loss
|
CMV
|
|
Most common congenital infection
|
CMV
|
|
Dysmorphic child, bilateral renal agenesis, primary pulmonary hypoplasia
|
Potter sequence/ oligohydramnios
|
|
Aniridia is associated w/
|
Wilms tumor
|
|
Lateral displacement of medial canthia, broad nasal brige, medial hyperplasia of eyebrows, partial albinism, deafness
|
Waardenburg syndrome
|
|
Complications of Sturge-Weber
|
Vascular malformation in trigeminal nerve distribution, grand mal seizures, mental deficiency, hemiparesis or hemianopsia
|
|
Inheritance of tuberous sclerosis
|
AD
|
|
Soft tissue swelling of scalp involving delivery portion of heart that is ecchymotic
|
Caput succedaneum (self resolves)
|
|
Difference between caput succedaneum and cephalohematomas)
|
Latter doesn't cross suture lines
|
|
Fever, muscle rigidity, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, tachycardia, arrhythmia, tachypnea, cyanosis, myoglobinuria, elevated CK, ARF
|
Malignant hyperthermia
|
|
Inheritance of malignant hyperthermia and what the gene codes for
|
AD
Ryanodine receptor (calcium release channel) |
|
Fever, emesis, multiple sclerosis type MRI
|
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
|
|
Rx for ADEM
|
High-dose corticosteroids
|
|
Poor growth, arachnodactyly, osteoporosis, dislocated lenses, mental retardation, thromboembolism
|
Homocystinuria (thromboemboli can cause acute infantile hemiplegia)
|
|
Very large head in normal newborn
|
Simple primary craniosynostosis (rx: surgery)
|
|
Seizure activity with no epileptiform activity on EEG
|
Pseudoseizure
|
|
Differences between pseudoseizure and seizure on exam
|
Pseudoseizure: no loss of bowel/bladder control, no self-injury, normal pupillary response to light
|
|
What is Todd paralysis?
|
Paralysis after focal or Jacksonian seizure; lasts 24-48hrs
|
|
Macular cherry red spots, developmental deterioration and sensitivity to noise
|
Tay Sachs disease
|
|
Enzyme absent in Tay Sachs
|
Beta-hexosaminidase A
|
|
Beta-glucosidase deficiency --> increased tone, strabismus, organomegaly, FTT, stridor, psychomotor regression
|
Gaucher disease
|
|
Beta-galactosidase --> angiokeratomas in bathing suit area + severe pain
|
Fabry disease
|
|
Galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase deficiency --> irritability, seizures, hypertonia, optic atrophy
|
Krabbe disease
|
|
Sphingomyelinase deficiency --> hepatosplenomegaly, LAD, psychomotor retardation w/in first 6mo
|
Niemann-Pick disease
|
|
Psychomotor retardation, ptosis, baldness, hypogonadism, facial immobility, neonatal respiratory distress, cataracts
|
Myotonic muscular dystophy
|
|
Difference btwn myotonic muscular dystrophy and other myopathies
|
Distal muscle weakness (instead of proximal)
|
|
Two things that can terminate migraine headaches
|
Vomiting or sleep
|
|
Three causes of CSF lymphocytosis with elevated protein and low glucose
|
TB meninigitis, viral meninigitis, meningeal leukemia, and medulloblastoma
|
|
Cranial nerve abnormalities, unsteady gait 2/2 spasticity, behavioral changes, UMN signs
|
Pontine glioma
|
|
Brain abscess are more commonly seen in patients with
|
Cardiac defects that have R --> L shunts associated
|
|
When are spinal taps contraindicated?
|
Increasing intracranial pressure
|
|
Unilateral pupillary dilation, hemiplegia, focal seizures, depressed conciousness after a fall
|
Epidural hematoma
|
|
3 components of Cushing's triad for increasing ICP
|
Increasing BP, decreasing HR, irregular respiration
|
|
Tumor causing poor growth, diabetes inspidus, papilledema
|
Craniopharyngioma
|
|
Acute ataxia in kids
|
Infection or drug intoxication (others would be more chronic)
|
|
Most common tumors in kids 1-10yo (vs. <1 or >10)
|
Infratentorial (posterior fossa: cerebellar and brainstem) vs. supratentorial
|
|
Storage diseases: acroparesthesia, intermittent painful crises of extremities or abdomen, cataracts
|
Fabry disease (deficiency of alpha-galactosidase)
|
|
Girl who has lost the use of her hands and ability to communicate/socialize
|
Rett syndrome
|
|
Storage diseases: progressive ataxia, weakness, progressive ataxia, gray macular lesions
|
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (deficient activity of galactosyl-3-sulfate-ceramide sulfatase)
|