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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fenugreek MOA |
-fibrous seeds may affect GI transit time, slowing glucose absorption -bulk laxative effect -one constituent in the seed may increase insulin secretion (but only in presence of elevated glucose) -may improve insulin sensitivity -decreases intestinal absorption of glucose |
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Fenugreek efficacy |
-when combined w sulfonylurea, may lower A1c by 0.5% -insufficient evidence in large SR -some evidence that it may decrease risk of developing T2DM |
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fenugreek SE |
well tolerated -possible diarrhea, flatulence |
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fenugreek CI |
pregnancy: due to uterine stimulant effects (seen in animals) thyroid conditions: may have hypothyroid effects |
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fenugreek DI |
caution: anti-platelets/coagulant therapy (fenugreek contains a coumarin derivative) |
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chromium MOA |
-essential part of metabolic processes that regulate blood sugar cofactor for insulin fxn -helps transport glucose into cells by increasing insulin binding -increase number of insulin receptors -improves insulin sensitivity |
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food sources of chromium |
broccoli
grape juice whole wheat english muffin red wine brewer's yeast |
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chromium SE |
well tolerated -some GI upset |
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chromium CI |
avoid in liver and renal disease safe in pregnancy and lactation |
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chromium DI |
-insulin & other hypoglycemic agents (additive hypoglycemia) -levothyroxine (binding) -space apart |
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chromium efficacy |
may lower A1c by -0.58% and FPG by -1.13mmol/L best evidence for picolinate; brewer's yeast good source |
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Gymnema Sylvestre MOA |
-enhances insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells -decrease intestinal absorption of glucose |
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Gymnema Sylvestre efficacy |
only 2 small open label trials -may be effective at lowering A1c monitor glucose and A1c |
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Alpha-lipoic Acid (ALA) MOA |
-coenzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism -antioxidant properties -potent free radical scavenger (known as the universal antioxidant) -improves insulin sensitivity used to reduce sx of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) |
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ALA SE |
higher doses: vertigo, nausea, vomiting |
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ALA DI |
anti-diabetic medications (effects on blood glucose are mixed) monitor glucose and A1c |
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ALA efficacy |
fairly well studied for tx in DPN; significant relief seen at doses of 600 mg/d not shown to lower A1c |
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white mulberry MOA |
-inhibits alpha-glucosidase enzymes in gut, preventing absorption of CHO |
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white mulberry efficacy |
-not well studied -may be effective at lowering PPPG -dose unknown |
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white mulberry SE |
well tolerated |
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white mulberry DI |
may potentiate anti-diabetic drugs -monitor glucose and A1c |
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Cassia cinnamon MOA |
cinnamaldehyde -> promotes insulin release and enhances insulin receptor sensitivity pick the right cinnamon! -most stores carry cinnamon bark (C. verum) |
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cassia cinnamon efficacy |
-evidence is inconsistent, dosage is unclear -one MA indicates a SS effect on lowering FPG, LDL, TG and increasing HDL (very small benefit... clinical sig?) |
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cassia cinnamon SE |
well tolerated |
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cassia cinnamon DI |
may potentiate anti-diabetic drugs -monitor glucose and A1c |
