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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Positive chronotropy = |
Increased HR |
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Major neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system |
Acetylcholine histam |
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Histamine causes |
Vasodilation |
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Normal stimulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptors cause (2) |
Increased HR & contractility |
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Two important hormonal mechanisms to increase BP |
RAAS, Vasopressin (ADH) |
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Vasopressin is also called ________ and it causes |
ADH, fluid retention |
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What do the kidneys do when arterial BP is elevated? |
Excrete more fluid |
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Activation of RAAS causes vasoconstriction and |
Fluid retention |
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Hypertension is classified: |
SBP greater or equal to 140 OR DBP greater or equal to 90 |
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Target organ damage usually occurs in the ______ or _______ |
Kidney, eyes |
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Target organ damage usually occurs in the ______ or _______ |
Kidney, eyes |
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JNC guidelines for low or no risk HTN |
Lifestyle modifications for 6-12 months. If not effective add drug therapy |
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Target organ damage usually occurs in the ______ or _______ |
Kidney, eyes |
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JNC guidelines for low or no risk HTN |
Lifestyle modifications for 6-12 months. If not effective add drug therapy |
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JNC 7 guidelines for high risk f |
Lifestyle modifications and drug therapy (thiazide is 1st line) |
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Study |
Back (Definition) |
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Study |
Back (Definition) |
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What drug class is the recommended 1st line tx for diabetics with HTN? |
ACEI |
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Studye |
Back (Definition) |
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What drug class is the recommended 1st line tx for diabetics with HTN?r |
ACEI |
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Although ACEI prevents or reverses myocardial and vessel remodeling, there are 3 important side effects such as |
Cough, hyperkalemia, and angioedema |
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ACEI end in |
pril |
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If a pt has hyperkalemia or cough with an ACEI, the Physician can change it to an |
ARB |
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If a pt has hyperkalemia or cough with an ACEI, the Physician can change it to an |
ARB |
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ARBS decrease BP by decreasing d |
PVR |
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ARBS end in |
sartan |
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Antiadrenergic drugs inhibit ____ activity |
SNS |
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ARBS end in |
sartan |
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Antiadrenergic drugs inhibit ____ activity |
SNS |
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Stimulation of Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor results in ____________, and stimulation of Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor results in _____________ |
Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation |
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ARBS end in |
sartan |
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Antiadrenergic drugs inhibit ____ activity r |
SNS |
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Stimulation of Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor results in ____________, and stimulation of Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor results in _____________ |
Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation |
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Example of Alpha 1-adrenergic blocking agent and side effects (2) |
Doxazosin, first dose phenomenon (orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, syncope, etc, that’s why you GIVE AT NIGHT TIME!) and Na and fluid retention (from long term use or high doses) |
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ARBS end in |
sartan |
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Antiadrenergic drugs inhibit ____ activity r |
SNS |
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Stimulation of Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor results in ____________, and stimulation of Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor results in _____________ |
Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation |
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Example of Alpha 1-adrenergic blocking agent and side effects (2)e |
Doxazosin, first dose phenomenon (orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, syncope, etc, that’s why you GIVE AT NIGHT TIME!) and Na and fluid retention (from long term use or high doses) |
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Alpha 2-agonist example and 1 side effect |
Clonidine, na and water retention |
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Beta blockers do these things:s |
Decrease HR, contractility, CO, and renin release from kidneys |
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Calcium channel blockers work by |
relaxing vascular smooth muscle (Dilating peripheral arteries and decrease PVR) |
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Calcium channel blockers examples |
“dipine”, diltiazem |
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Calcium channel blockers examples |
“dipine”, diltiazem |
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JNC recommends this class of drug for African Americans with stage 2 HTN |
Calcium channel blockers “NBA player with milk mustache blocks!” |
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Beta 2 blockade can result in |
Bronchoconstriction |
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Positive vs neg dromotropy f |
Pos = faster conductions Neg = slower conductions |
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This drug is useful in treating chronic HF and reduces risk of sudden death |
Carvedilol (beta blocker) |
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This drug class works by acting on the kidneys to decrease reabsorption of sodium, chloride, water and other substances |
Diuretic |
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This drug class has a potential cross reactant to sulfa allergies |
Thiazides |
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Thiazides decrease reabsorption in the ______ tubule |
Distal (8%) |
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Do thiazides have a ceiling threshold? |
Yes |
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In NA reabsorption, the proximal tubule is ___%, Loop of Henle is ___%, and distal tubule is __% |
65%,25%, 8% |
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Does drug accumulation happen with loop diuretics such as furosemide? R |
No |
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When using diuretics for edema, aim for a weight loss of ____ per day |
1 kg |
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Contraindications for nitrates |
Anemia, head trauma (increases pressure), phosphodiesterase inhibitors (viagra) |
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This oral med is used only for PROPHYLAXIS of angina, and has almost 100% (no first pass met) bioavailability, well absorbed orally |
Isosorbide mononitrate |
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Hold nitrate if:d |
SBP is LESS than 90 or 30mmHg below baseline |
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Hold beta blocker:d |
HR less than 60 or SBP less than 90 |
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Hold CCB if: |
SBP LESS than 90 |
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2 big look outs for statins s |
Hepatotoxicity, myopathy |
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Bile acid sequesterants mainly do what |
Lower LDL |
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Fibrates mainly do what. What are side effects |
Lower triglycerides and raise HDL. S/E: gallstones, displace Coumadin (need lower dose) |
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Niacin is best drug for: S/E? |
Raising HDL S/E: flushing, itching, INCREASED BLOOD SUGAR |
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Zetia is what drug class? |
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor |
