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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Drugs that mimic the body’s regulatory molecules are called _______ and drugs
that block the actions of endogenous regulators are called _________. |
agonists / antagonists
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When the receptors of a cell are continually exposed to an agonist, the cell
usually becomes less responsive; this is referred to be ____________or ____________ or to have undergone______________________. |
desensitized / refractory / down-regulation
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The four primary families of receptors are_____________, ______________,
_______________, and ______________________. |
cell membrane-embedded enzymes, ligand-gated ion channels, G protein - coupled receptor systems, and transcription factors.
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The effective dose is defined as__________________.
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the dose that is required to produce a defined therapeutic response in 50% of the population.
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Patients receiving both halothane and succinylcholine may develop
______________________. |
malignant hyperthermia
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Three possible outcomes that may occur when drug A interacts with drug B
are: _____________________, ________________, or_________________. |
(1) one drug may intensify the effects of the other; (2) one drug may reduce the effects of the others; (3) or the combination may produce a new response not seen with either drug alone.
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When a patient is taking two medications and one drug may intensify the effects of the other, the interaction is termed__________________.
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potentiative
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Interactions that result in reduced drug effects are often termed
______________. |
inhibitory
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Direct interactions are most commonly found when drugs are combined _______________.
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in IV solutions
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Interactions are especially important for drugs that have a ______________
therapeutic index. |
low
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Some foods cause decreased absorption of drugs. Absorption of digoxin is
significantly reduced by ____________, ___________, and ______________. |
wheat bran, rolled oats, and sunflower seeds.
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The most dramatic example of drug-food interactions that sometimes increase
toxicity is the interaction between ______________________________ and ____________________________. |
monoamine oxidase (MHO) inhibitors (a family of anti-depressents) and food rich in tyramine (e.g. aged cheeses, yeast extracts, Chianti wine).
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Any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses
is defined by the World Health Organization as______________________. |
adverse drug reaction.
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Mild adverse drug reactions include _____________, ____________,
_____________, and _____________. Severe reactions include ___________, ____________, _____________, ______________, and _____________, all of which can result in ____________________. |
drowsiness, nausea, itching, and rash. /depression, respiratory depression, neutropenia, hemmorrhage, hepatoceullular injury, and anaphylaxis / death
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