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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Factors that determine intensity of drug response.
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1. administration
2. pharmacokinetics 3. pharmacodynamics |
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Your responsibilities in drug administration?
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1. Pre-administration assessment
2. ID high risk patients 3. Assess patient's capacity for self care |
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Pharmacokinetics
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1. absorption
2. distribution 3. metabolism 4. excretion |
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Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)
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Plasma drug level belo which therapeutic effects will not occur
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First Pass Effect
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The rapid inactivation of certain oral drugs.
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Half-Life
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The amount of time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by 50% after discontinuance of the drug. 3-5 half-lives are usually needed to obtain therapeutic level of drug.
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Pharmacodynamics
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The study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced.
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Maximal Efficacy
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The largest effect that a drug can produce.
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Affinity
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The strength of binding between a drug and its receptor
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Efficacy
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The degree to which a drug is able to induce maximal effects; how well it works.
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Agonist
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Activates receptors
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Antagonist
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Prevents receptor activation
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ED 50
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The concentration of a drug which induces a specific clinical effect in 50% of subjects.
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LD 50
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The concentration of a drug which induces death or toxicity in 50% of subjects.
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Therapeutic Index (TI)
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Measure of safety of a drug -- the LD50 divided by the ED50. The farther away from 1 the safer the drug.
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Synergism
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Response elicited by combined drugs is GREATER than individual drugs.
1+1=3 |
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Potentiation
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A drug which has no effect enhances the effect of a second drug. (tyramine with MAOIs)
1+0=2 |
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Antagonism
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One drug inhibits the effect of another drug. (heparin + protamine sulfate).
1+1=0 |
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Cytochrome P450
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A liver enzyme system that is very active in drug metabolism.
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P450 Inducers
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Increase enzyme activity and decrease drug levels.
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P450 Inhibitors
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Decrease enzyme activity and increase drug levels -- may result in toxicity.
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Inhibitors of CP450
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Grapefruit juice, Rifampin
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Grapefruit Juice & Drugs
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Inhibits P450
Induces calcium channel blocker (drugs ending in -ipine) metabolism by P450 |
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Pharmacodynamic Tolerance
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A response to prolonged drug exposure -- increases MEC of a drug.
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Phamacokinetic Tolerance
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Accelerated drug metabolism. Does not increase the MEC.
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Metabolic Tolerance
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Tolerance resulting from accelerated drug metabolism.
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