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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which hormone supports maturation of the endometrium?
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estrogen
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Which hormone provides signals to the hypothalamus and pituitary that helps maintain the menstrual cycle?
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estrogen
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What is the major form of estrogen produced by the body?
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estradiol
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What do estrogens bind to in the bloodstream?
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alpha2-globulin
(sex hormone binding globulin, SHBG) |
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In which tissue is estradiol converted to estrone and estriol?
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liver and other tissues
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How are estrogen-induced calcium influx into granulosa cells and increased uterine blood flow mediated?
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estrogen INTRAcellular signaling pathways (not nuclear response elements)
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What are three metabolic and cardiovascular effects of estrogens? (3)
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maintenance of blood vessels
decreased bone resorption adipose tissue production |
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What is the primary indication for estrogen hormone therapy in menopausal women?
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osteoporosis
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What is progesterone's effect on body fat?
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favors fat deposition
(stimulates lipoprotein lipase) |
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What is progesterone's effect on insulin levels and glycogen?
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increases basal insulin
promotes glycogen storage |
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Does progesterone increase or decrease sodium reabsorption?
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increases reabsorption of sodium (binds to mineralocorticoid receptors of renal tubule)
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Where do oral contraceptives act? (what part of the body)
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pituitary gland
(inhibit release of LH, FSH) |
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How do oral contraceptives decrease the likelihood of implantation? (2)
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changes in cervical mucus and endometrium
affect motility of uterine tubes |
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What drug is an antagonist of progesterone receptors and is effective when given with prostaglandins?
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mifeprisone (RU 486)
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What is the mechanism of mifepristone (RU 486)
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progesterone receptor antagonist (used with prostaglandins)
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Which drugs (3) are nonsteroidal competitive partial agonist inhibitors of estradiol used to help treat breast cancer?
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tamoxifen
toremifene raloxifene |
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What is the primary indication for danazol?
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endometriosis
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Which drug is a partial estrogen agonist that stimulates ovulation in women with ovulatory dysfunction?
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clomiphene
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Which hormone promotes gametogensis in the testes?
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FSH from the pituitary
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Which cells produce testosterone?
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Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
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Which cells secrete several active proteins in the testes, including inhibin and activin?
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Sertoli cells
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Which form of testosterone binds nuclear receptors with the highest affinity and gives the most effects?
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dihydrotestosterone
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What is ketoconazole's mechanism of action?
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steroid synthesis inhibitor
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What is the mechanism of finasteride?
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inhibits 5alpha reductase
(conversion of testosterone to DHT) |
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What is the mechanism of flutamide?
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androgen receptor antagonist
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What are the four drugs/treatments for chemical contraception in men?
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IM injection of testosterone weekly
Gossypol, a cottonseed derivative Adjudin - blocks production of sperm Silodosin - alpha1 antagonist with high selectivity for urogenital system that inhibits ejaculation, not orgasm |
