Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cholinergic agonist treatment for atonic bladder
|
Bethanechol
|
|
These cholinergic agonists can cross the BBB causing CNS side effects
|
Pilocarpine
Physostigmine |
|
Drug of choice to decrease intra ocular pressure of both types of glaucoma
|
Pilocarpine (cholinergic agonist that crosses BBB)
|
|
Antidote for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers and DOC for myasthenia gravis
|
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine (Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors) |
|
Edrophonium is used for diagnosis of
|
Myasthenia gravis
|
|
Irreversible organophosphates that covalently bind to AchE causing confusion, ataxia, slurred speech, coma, death, etc.
|
Echotiophate
Malathoin Parathion Soman Tabun Sarin |
|
Antidote for organophosphate poisoning
|
Atropine + Pralidoxime
|
|
Tacrine MOA and Clinical use
|
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer's Disease
|
|
Toxic effects of Atropine
|
Dry as a bone
Blind as a bat Red as a beet Hot as a hare Mad as a hatter |
|
Cholinergic antagonist for motion sickness
|
Scopolamine
|
|
Cholinergic antagonist used for COPD and Asthma
|
Ipratropium
|
|
Anti-cholinergic used for Parkinson's disease
|
Benztropine
|
|
Drug of choice for motion sickness
|
Scopolamine
|
|
Drug of choice for bronchospasm and anaphylaxis
|
Epinephrine
|
|
Adrenergic agonist that acts of a1>b1>>b2
|
Norepinephrine
|
|
Adrenergic agonist that acts on a1>b2>b1
|
Epinephrine
|
|
Adrenergic agonist that only works on beta receptors and is used as a bronchodilator and decreases peripheral resistance and stimulates the heart
|
Isoproterenol
|
|
Drugs used in cardiogenic shock that acts on DA>b1>a1 receptors and can lead to peripheral ischemia/gangrene
|
Dopamine
|
|
Direct a agonist mostly bound to a1
|
Phenylephrine
|
|
Directly stimulates a2 receptors (inhibiting NE release). Used to treat HTN and withdrawal
|
Clonidine
|
|
Drug to decrease sympathetic activity and help with withdrawal symptoms from opiates, cigarettes and benzos
|
Clonidine
|
|
Side effects and withdrawal symptoms of Clonidine
|
Side effects:
Sedation Orthostatic hypotension Withdrawal symptoms: Elevated BP Tachycardia Tremors and sweating |
|
b2 agonist used for premature labor
|
Terbutaline
|
|
Amphetamine 9methylphenidate) and tyramine's MOA
|
Stimulates release of NE from nerve terminal
|
|
MOA of cocaine (used as a local anesthetic)
|
Inhibits reuptake of NE
|
|
Non-selective beta blocker used for glaucoma and works by inhibiting production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body
|
Timolol
|
|
Selective H1 antagonists that do not cause sedation, do not cross BBB
|
Loratidine
Cetirizine |
|
Major hormonal complication of Cimetidine (Tagamet), a selective H2 blocker for GERD
|
Gynecomastia
|
|
H2 blockers other than Cimetidine (most side effects)
|
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid) Nizatidine (Axid) |
|
MOA and clinical use of Odansetron
|
5-HT3 receptor blocker used as an anti-emetic in cancer
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Buspirone
|
5-HT1a partial agonist for anti-anxiety
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Theophylline
|
Adenosine receptor antagonist that interfere with Ca2+ binding by sarcoplasmic reticulum, and inhibits cAMP and cGMP levels. For Asthma.
|
|
Side effects of Theophylline
|
Anxiety, insomnia, arrhythmias
|
|
PGE 1 analog to inhibit gastric acid and gastrin secretion. Used in abortions in 1st trimester when combined with Mifepristone
|
Misoprostol
|
|
An overdose of aspirin can cause this metabolic disorder
|
Mixed acid base disorder
|
|
COX inhibitor used for closing ductus arteriosis, ankylosing spondylitis, gouty arthritis and decreasing pre-term uterine contraction
|
Indomethacin
|
|
Antidote for Acetaminophen overdose
|
Acetylcystine
|
|
This alkylating agent used in Burkitt's lymphoma and breast cancer is a pro-drug activated by P450
|
Cyclophosphamide
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Carmustine and Lomustine
|
Cross BBB and alkylate DNA to inhibit replication. Used for malignant gliomas
|
|
These alkylating agents for testicular, ovarian, and bladder cancer are nephrotoxic, ototoxic, and neurotoxic
|
Cisplatin
Carboplatin |
|
MOA of Methotrexate
|
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
|
|
Clinical uses of Methotrexate
|
ALL
Choriocarcinoma Burkitt's Lymphoma Breast cancer Head and neck cancer Psoriasis RA |
|
Side effects of Methotrexate
|
Bone marrow toxicity
GI disturbances Urticaria and Alopecia Renal damage and hepatic fibrosis N/V/D |
|
MOA and clinical use of 5-fluorouracil
|
Activated to fluoro-dUMP, a fake nucleotide that inhibits DNA synthesis. For solid tumors (colon cancer)
|
|
Three drugs used in Testicular cancer
|
Bleomycin (G2 phase specific)
Cisplatin Vinblastine (M-phase specific) |
|
MOA of Vincristine and Vinblastine
|
Prevents assembly of microtubules from tubilin to block mitosis. M-phase specific, blocks metaphase to stop cell prolipheration
|
|
M-phase specific anti-cancer drug used for Breast and Ovarian cancer
|
Taxol
|
|
Clinical use of Asparaginase
|
For ALL, to decrease rapidly growing leukemias that show nutritional requirement for asparagine
|
|
This T-helper cell inhibitor in organ transplant patients is nephrotoxic and causes gingival hyperplasia
|
Cyclosporin A
|
|
Drug similar to cyclosporin A but with less side effects, used in liver transplant patients
|
FK506
|
|
These drugs suppress cough through the CNS cough center
|
Codeine
Dextromethorphan |
|
Side effects of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
|
Steven-Johnson Syndrome
Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient patients Kernicterus in neonates |
|
Antibiotic that can cause interstitial nephritis
|
Methicillin
|
|
Drug of choice for Gram + bacteria
|
Ampicillin
|
|
This antibiotic can cause Fanconi-like syndrome and photosensitivity
|
Tetracycline
|
|
This antibiotic can cause vestibular toxicity
|
Minocycline
|
|
Chloramphenicol's MOA and is the drug of choice for?
|
Binds to 50S ribosome to inhibit peptide bond formation by inhibiting peptidyl transferase
DOC for Salmonella typhi |
|
Antibiotic that causes Grey Baby syndrome and aplastic anemia
|
Cloramphenicol
|
|
Drug of choice for atypical pneumonias
|
Erythromycin
|
|
Drug for acne vulgaris and bacteriodes fragilis that causes pseudomembranous colitis
|
Clindamycin
|
|
Aminoglycoside that is resistant to aminoglycoside inactivating enzyme produced by Gram - bacteria
|
Amikacin
|
|
These antibiotics are ototoxic, nephrotoxic, and cause neuromuscular blockade
|
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Amikacin, Tobramycin)
|
|
Main side effect of the anti-fungal Amphotericin B (which has a low therapeutic index)
|
Nephrotoxicity
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Flucytosine
|
Inhibitis thymidine synthetase acts as an anti-fungal in cryptococcal meningitis or candida infections
|
|
Drug of choice for non-meningeal blastomycosis, paracoccidiomycosis, and coccidiomycosis
|
Ketoconazole
|
|
Side effects of Ketoconazole
|
Inhibits P450, inhibits steroid synthesis, decreases libido and causes gynecomastia
|
|
Drug of choice for oral thrush
|
Clotrimazole-gynelotramin
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Griseofulvin
|
Interacts with microtubules in dermatophyte to disrupt mitotic spindles and inhibiting mitosis. For dermatophytes (microsporum, epidermophyton, trichophyton)
|
|
Drug of choice for CMV
|
Gancyclovir
|
|
Activation of Acyclovir
|
Activated by viral thymidine kinases. Causes premature viral DNA chain termination.
|
|
MOA of Azidothymidine (AZT)
|
DNA terminator. Inhibits viral reverse transcriptase, terminates DNA synthesis and replication
|
|
Drug that inhibits viral DNA and RNA synthesis by inducing protein kinase which blocks peptide chain. Can cause flu-like symptoms
|
Interferon
|
|
Drug to treat Hep B, C, Kaposi's sarcoma, hairy cell leukemia, and HPV-genital warts that causes flu like symptoms
|
Interferon
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Foscarnet
|
Phosphate analog. Inhibits DNA polymerase without being phosphorylated. 2nd drug of choice for CMV. HIV.
|
|
2nd drug of choice for CMV
|
Foscarnet
|
|
Drug of choice for RSV
|
Ribavirin
|
|
Pregnant women with RSV cannot be treated with
|
Ribavirin (contraindicated in pregnancy)
|
|
Diuretic used to decrease intracranial pressure in cerebral edema
|
Mannitol
|
|
MOA, side effects, and clinical use of Acetozolamide
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic. Blocks carbonic anhydrase at proximal tubule. Excrete lots of K+, Na+, and HCO3-. Side effects are hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis and renal stone formation
|
|
MOA of loop diuretics (Furosemide, Budesonid, Ethacrynic acid)
|
Inhibits Na:K:2Cl pump in thick ascending loop of Henle. Will waste Ca2+ and Mg2+
|
|
Which diuretics are ototoxic
|
Furosemide (Loop diuretics)
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Chlorothiazide
|
Blocks NaCl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule. For kidney stones (decreases calcium excretion)
|
|
Side effects of Thiazide diuretics
|
Hyperglycemia, digitalis toxicity, increased cholesterol and TAGs
|
|
MOA and side effects of Spironolactone
|
K+ sparing diuretic. Aldosterone antagonist (blocks Na+ reabsorption and K+ wasting). Causes hyperkalemia and hynecomastia
|
|
K+ sparing diuretic that is NOT an aldosterone antagonist
|
Triamterene
Amiloride |
|
Treatment for diabetes insipidus
|
Arginine
Vasopressin |
|
Verapamil
Diltiazem Difedipine |
Ca2+ channel blockers
|
|
MOA and clinical use of PGE2/PGF2a
|
Induce uterine contractions and abortion
|
|
Induces labor in a ready cervix and helps expel afterbirth
|
Oxytocin
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Ergonovine
|
Causes constant uterine contractions and expulsion of afterbirth and prevents hemorrhage post-partum
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Ritodrine
|
b2 agonist to increase cAMP to relax smooth muscle of uterus. Prevents premature labor
|
|
You see a first dose phenomenon of weakness and syncope 1 hour after giving this alpha 1 blocker
|
Prazosin
|
|
This alpha 2 agonist treats HTN in pregnancy, but can cause Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia
|
Methyldopa
|
|
Gold standard treatment for severe hypertensive crisis when in combination with a beta-blocker
|
Sodium nitroprusside
|
|
First line drug for hypertension. Also treats CHF and diabetic nephropathy
|
ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Enalopril)
|
|
Selective angiotensin receptor blocker to treat HTN in asthmatics
|
Losartan
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Nitroglycerine (sublingual)
|
Decreases pre-load on heart. Used for angina and CHF
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Digitalis
|
Blocks Na/K pump to increase intracellular Ca to increase force of contraction. Also has indirect vagal action to slow AV conduction. Used in CHF, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter and a-fib
|
|
Treatment for digitalis overdose
|
Lidocaine, FAB fragments and K supplements
|
|
Digitalis toxicity symptoms
|
Arrhythmia, GI-anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, delerium, visual disturbances, gynecomastia
|
|
Drug of choice for treating chronic ventricular tachycardia
|
Quinidine
|
|
Wide QRS on an EKG signals toxicity with this drug
|
Quinidine
|
|
Arrhythmia with torsade d' pointes is a side effect of this drug
|
Quinidine
|
|
Na-channel blocker anti-arrhythmic that can cause SLE-like syndrome
|
Procainamide
|
|
Drug of choice for acute ventricular tachycardia
|
Lidocaine
|
|
This class III anti-arrhythmic can cause pulmonary fibrosis and grey-man syndrome (caused by iodine accumulation in skin)
|
Amiodorone
|
|
Drug of choice for A-fib
|
Ca-channel blockers:
Verapamil Diltiazem |
|
Drug of choice for atrial tachycardia
|
Adenosine
|
|
Somatostatin analog to treat acromegaly, TSH/ACTH secreting tumors, islet cell tumors, carcinoid, and variceal bleeding in the GI system
|
Octreotide
|
|
Tolbutamine
Chlopropamide Tolazamide Acetohexamide are examples of |
1st generation oral hypoglycemics for type II diabetes. They enhance pancreatic insulin secretion by closing ATP-dependent K channels causing depolarization
|
|
2nd generation oral hypoglycemics and can cause hypoglycemic crisis but not granulocytopenia
|
Glipizide
Glyburirde |
|
MOA of Metformin
|
Biguanidine. Enhances peripheral glucose utilization, especially in skeletal muscle
|
|
MOA and side effects of Acarbose
|
Inhibits alpha-glucosidase to decrease starch absorption from the GI. Causes osmotic diarrhea
|
|
1st drug in hyperthyroid emergencies
|
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
|
|
Propylthiouracil side effects
|
Agranulocytosis
Rash Pain/stiffness in joints |
|
Inhaled steroid to treat asthma
|
Beclomethasone
Budesonide |
|
Tamoxifen MOA and clinical use
|
Estrogen recepto antagonist to treat breast cancer and be prophylaxis
|
|
MOA and clinical use of Mifepristone
|
Antagonizes progestin receptor and you lose inhibition of uterine contractions. Causes abortion. Also used to treat Cushing's disease
|
|
MOA of statin drugs (Lovastatin, Simvastatin)
|
Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase to decrease cholesterol
|
|
Drug of choice for type IIa and IIb hypercholesterolemia
|
Cholestyramine
Colestipol (Bile acid resins) |