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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What muscle fills in the pterygoid fossa? What makes the pterygoid fossa?
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Pterygoid fossa is the space between the lateral and medial pterygoid plates. The <b>tensor palati</b> muscle fills it in.
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Where is the tensor and levator palati muscles located with respect to the superior constrictor muscle?
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Superior.
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What structures are found between the superior and middle constrictors?
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Stylopharyngeus m., CN IX (it innervates the stylopharyngeus), and Stylohyoid lig
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What structures are found between the middle and inferior constrictors?
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Internal branch of sup laryngeal n., superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid artery)
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What is the pterygoid hamulus? What muscle is associated with it?
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It's a curvature of the <b>medial</b> pterygoid plate. The tendon of the Tensor veli palatini glides over it.
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What does the pharynx receive superiorly?
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Nasal choanae (posterior part). This part is called the nasopharynx
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What is the region of the pharynx that can be visualized when a human opens its mouth?
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Oropharynx. Basically, the back of the throat.
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What is the structure between the larynx and pharynx? (Lateral to larynx, medial to pharynx)
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Piriform recess
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What structure extends inferiorly from the torus tubarus?
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Salpingopharyngeal fold
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What are the two spaces between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds?
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Valleculae
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What muscles attach to the pterygomandibular raphe?
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Anteriorly - buccinator
Posteriorly - Superior pharyngeal constrictor |
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What structures pass superior to superior constrictor?
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Levator veli palatine and auditory tube
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What structure passes inferior to inferior constrictor m.?
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Recurrent laryngeal n
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What are the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
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Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, and Stylopharyngeus
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From the medial view, what muscle looks like it is being poured out of a tube?
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Levator veli palati
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What nerves are in the pharyngeal plexus?
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A combination of cranial nerves and sympathetics
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What nerves do motor innervation of pharynx?
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Mostly vagus.
Exceptions: 1) Stylopharyngeus: CN IX 2) Tensor palati: CN V3 |
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What does sensory innervation for the superior aspect of nasopharynx? Most of the remaining?
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Pharyngeal n., branch of V2. Most of remaining is done by glossopharyngeal.
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What innervates the entrance to the larynx, including aryepiglottic folds?
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Internal laryngeal n., branch of vagus.
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What arteries supply the pharynx?
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1) Ascending pharyngeal (branch of external carotid a.)
2) Small tonsilar and palatine branches of Facial a. 3) descending palating (branch of maxillary) 4) Pharyngeal a (from maxillary) 5) Superior thyroid (from external carotid) 6) Inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk) |
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What are the 3 functions of the larynx?
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1) Vocalization
2) Connects with oropharynx with trachea for respiration (conducts air) 3) Serves as valve to protect airway during swallowing |
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What membrane extends from the hyoid to thyroid cartilage?
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Thyrohyoid membrane
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What muscle covers the thyrohyoid membrane?
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Thyrohyoid m
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What n and a pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?
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Superior laryngeal a.; Internal laryngeal n. (branch of superior laryngeal n., which is a branch of the vagus)
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What part of the thyroid cartilage projects prominently in men?
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Laryngeal prominence (the base of the thyroid notch)
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What membrane extends superiorly from the inside of the cricoid cartilage and contributes to the conus elasticus of the vocal fold?
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Cricothyroid membrane
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What are the paired pyramidal shaped cartilages integral for vocal production?
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Arytenoid cartilages
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Name the structures
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1. Epiglottis
2. Arytenoid cartilage 3. Corniculate cartilage 4. Aryepiglottic fold |
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What is the space between the vocal folds called?
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Rima glottidis
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What is the area between the true and false vocal folds?
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Ventricle of larynx
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What is the quadrangular membrane?
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A membrane extending up from the false vocal folds. Superior boundary is aryepiglottic fold, anterior boundary is epiglottic cartilage, posterior boundary is arytenoid cartilage
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What is the only extrinsic muscle of larynx?
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Cricothyroid
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What does the cricothyroid do? Is it found anterior or posterior to arytenoid cartilage?
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Tenses the vocal cord by rocking the thyroid cartilage forward on the cricoid. Found anterior to aryternoid cartilage
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What is the relationship of these muscles to each other (which one is anterior and posterior)?
1) Cricothyroid 2) Cricoarytenoid |
Cricothyroid is anterior to Cricoarytenoid
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What does posterior cricoarytenoid do?
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It pulls the aryternoids outwardly, thus opening the rima glottidis (space between vocal folds).
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What does lateral cricoarytenoid do?
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Rotates arytenoids in direction opposite to that of posterior cricoarytenoids, thus closing the rima glottidis
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What does the arytenoideus (transverse and oblique) do?
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It stretches from the posterior border of the arytenoid cartilages.It slides the aryternoids together in a medial motion, closing the rima glottidis
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What muscle tenses the aryepiglottic fold, drawing it to the opposite aryepiglottic fold thereby assisting in closing the entrance to the larynx? (Impt for swallowing without choking)
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Aryepiglotticus
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What is the motor innervation for all intrinsic muscles of larynx?
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Vagus via Recurrent Laryngeal N
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What is the motor innervation for the extrinsic muscle of larynx? (Hint: there's only one)
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External Laryngeal N. from the superior laryngeal n.
This innervates the cricothyroid |
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What is the blood supply of larynx?
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Above true vocal folds: <b>Superior Laryngeal, a branch of Superior Thyroid a</b>, from external carotid.
Area below true vocal folds: <b>Inferior laryngeal a., branch of thyrocervical trunk</b>. |
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What is the roof of the nasal cavity?
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Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, body of sphenoid. Basically the floor of the anterior fossa.
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What is the floor of the nasal cavity?
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Superior aspect of hard palate, with contributions from maxillary and palatine bones.
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What is the medial wall of nasal cavity?
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The nasal septum, found in midline.
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What is the blood supply of septum?
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Anterior and posterior ethmoid artery (from Ophthalmic A)
Medial posterior nasal a. nasopalatine a. Septal branch of superior labial a. |
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What is the nerve supply of the septum?
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Anterior ethmoid n (from V1)
Nasopalatine n. and Medial (septal) posterior nasal n (from sphenopalatine n) from V2 CN I (olfactory) superiorly |
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What are the nasal conchae/turbinates?
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Projectsion of the lateral nasal wall itno the nasal cavity. They have a bony core and are covered witha highly vascularized mucosa that aids in warming and moistening inspired air. There are three of them.
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What are the meati?
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The spaces inferior and lateral to each turbinate.
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Where is:
1:sphenoethmoidal recess? 2: Superior meatus? 3: Middle meatus? 4: Inferior meatus? |
1: Above superior turbinate
2: Below superior turbinate 3: Below middle turbinate 4: Below inferior turbinate |
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Where does the sphenoethmoidal recess open into?
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The sphenoid sinus
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Where does the superior meatus open into?
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Posterior ethmoid sinus
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What does the hiatus semilunaris open into?
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Anterior ethmoid sinuses; Frontal sinus via frontonasal duct to anterior portion of hiatus; Maxillary sinus thru posterior portion of hiatus
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What does the sphenopalatine foramen transmit?
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Sphenopalatine a and n
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What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
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1) Maxillary sinus (from hiatus semilunaris)
2) Ethmoid sinus 3) Frontal sinus 4) Sphenoid sinus |
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What does the frontal sinus drain into?
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Middle meatus
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What is a possible cause of anosmia from traumatic brain injury?
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Shearing of olfactory nerves as they pass thru cribriform plate.
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What nerve supplies the antero-superior nasal septum?
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Anterior ethmoidal nerve (branch of V1)
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What nerve supplies the postero-inferior nasal septum?
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Nasopalatine nerve. It's coming out of the pterygopalatine ganglion, ultimately from V2
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What is above and below (sup and inf) the semilunar hiatus?
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SUPERIOR: Ethmoidal bulla (contains ethmoidal air cells)
INFERIOR: Uncinate process of ethmoid bone |