Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fomite |
An inanimate object that carries a disease (countertop, clothing, etc ) |
|
Parenteral transmission |
Occurs when a disease or infection is transmitted other than by mouth, nose, or eyes (ex: needlestick, open wound, hangnail, etc.) |
|
Exit portal |
When an infectious microorganism leaves it's reservoir or agent |
|
Nosocomial infection |
Any infection contracted while in a healthcare setting. |
|
What percent of patients will develop a nosocomial infection? |
5% |
|
The Hepatitis B vaccine must be offered and done within how many days of employment? |
10 days (or opt out) |
|
In what order should you remove these PPE items? Gloves, Mask, Goggles, Gown |
1. Gloves 2. Goggles 3. Gown 4. Mask |
|
Medical Asepsis |
Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after leaving the body (hand washing, disinfecting surfaces, etc.) |
|
Protective/Reverse isolation |
Type of isolation that keeps the patient safe from the world around them. Think of immune compromised pts or burn pts. |
|
The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act was signed into law on what day? |
November 6th, 2000 |
|
A percutaneous injury log must contain what 3 items? |
- type and brand of device involved - department where the accident occured - explanation of how the incident occured *The injured employee may remain anonymous* |
|
Caustic is another word for? |
Flammable |
|
Hepatitis B virus can live in dried blood for how many days? |
7! |
|
What is the term for - and some examples of - the minimum measures taken to prevent direct contact with blood/contaminated materials? |
Standard Precautions - hand washing - gloves |
|
When are second tier precautions used? What's another name for it? |
When the patient is known to be, or suspected of being, infected with a contagious disease. Also called isolation or precaution techniques. |
|
Airborne precautions (respirator) and special ventilation may be needed for which infections? |
TB, measles, chickenpox, shingles, norovirus, etc. |
|
Droplet precautions (NOT a respirator) would be used for which infections? |
Group A strep, rubella, pneumonic plague, mumps, influenza A, and pneumonia |
|
An exposure report will be kept on your personnel file for how many years? |
40 years! |
|
What is the idea bleach to water ratio when making a dilution solution? |
1:10 Body fluid spills need to be disinfected with this rato |
|
Formed elements include |
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes (platelets) |
|
After donating whole blood, How long does it take to regenerate the lost red blood cells? |
6-8 weeks |
|
What does leukopenia indicate? |
Leukopenia, a decrease in WBCs, may indicate viral infection or chemotherapy |
|
What are antibodies? |
Plasma proteins that combine with a specific antigen to inhibit or destroy it. |
|
What is the results of agglutination? |
A toxic amount of hemoglobin is released, which can cause significant kidney damage |
|
BTT |
Bleeding time test. Used to evaluate the primary stages of hemostasis. Usually done before surgery |
|
Describe the coagulation phase of hemostasis |
Cascade of interactions between coagulation factors that convert the temporary platelet plug to a stable FIBRIN clot |
|
A coagulation test must always be drawn from what/where?? |
A vein!! |
|
What breaks down the fibrin clot during fibrinolysis? |
Plasmin (enzyme) breaks down the fibrin clot |
|
Coumadin and Heparin are both what? |
Blood thinners |
|
What is the most common size needle for venipuncture? |
21 gauge, 1.25" |
|
CPT |
Classification of Procedural Treatments |
|
What's the medical term for the crook of the arm where we draw blood? |
Antecubital fossa |
|
How long is an adult automatic lancet? |
3.0 mm |
|
How long is an automatic lancet for a full-term infant? For a preemie? |
2.0mm for infants 0.85 mm for preemies |
|
How old does one have to be to have a capillary puncture done on their finger? |
2 years old! |
|
Bilirubin is overproduced when: |
The liver is not breaking down and excreting RBCs the way it's supposed to. This leads to jaundice |
|
What is the most common treatment for bilirubin? |
Phototherapy, or "light" therapy |
|
What is the CLSI capillary draw order? |
EHAS: EDTA Heparin Any other additive Serum - red/gold/tiger (we want coagulated blood anyway!) |
|
What is a basal state? |
Fasting AND refraining from strenuous exercise for 8:00 to 12 hours before the blood draw. |
|
What does postprandial mean? |
After a meal |
|
What does diurnal refer to? |
Different during the day versus the night |
|
What are cold agglutinins? |
Antibodies produced in response to mycoplasma pneumonia infection (atypical pneumonia). Antibodies formed may attach a red blood cells below body temperature. Specimen must be kept warm |
|
List five specimens that require chilling after collection |
- Ammonia - Lactic Acid - PTT - PT - ABG |
|
List five specimens that must be protected from light exposure after collection |
- Bilirubin - Vitamin B12 - folate serum - folate - vitamin B6 |
|
After an ABG test is done, what should be done? |
Lee phlebotomist should apply pressure to the puncture site for 3 to 5 minutes directly after the needle is withdrawn. The sample must be placed on ice and immediately brought to the lab!!! |
|
What is a phlebotomist's most critical pre-analytical error? |
Improperly identifying the patient before sample collection |
|
What is urticaria? |
Hives! |
|
What are two special considerations surrounding an IV? |
Always draw blood below a patient's IV site. Once the charge nurse has stopped the IV, wait 15 minutes to give a solution time to clear. DO NOT stop it yourself. |
|
What is the most common complication of phlebotomy? |
Hematoma! |
|
What is the medical term for a blood clot? |
Thrombosis |
|
The average adult contains how many liters of blood? |
5-7 L |
|
What is the recommended allowance for total volume of blood that can be drawn on an adult within a 24-hour period? |
1-5% |
|
Polycythemia Vera |
An excess of red blood cells |
|
Hemochromatosis |
Occurs when a patient is holding too much iron in their system |
|
Where does a Buccal swab occur? |
Inside the cheeks or under the tongue (sublingual) |
|
What is the most common fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and what does it look for? |
The stool guaiac test Tests for hidden(occult) blood in a sample |