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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Displacement |
Distance moved in a particular direction |
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Speed |
Distance traveled per unit time |
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Velocity |
Distance traveled in a particular direction per unit time |
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Acceleration |
Rate of change of velocity |
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Newton's first law of motion |
Every body will continue in it's state of rest, or with uniform velocity unless acted on by a resultant force |
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Newton's second law of motion |
For a body of constant mass, it's acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant force applied on it |
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Newton's third law of motion |
Whenever one body exerts a force on another, the second body exerts an equal and opposite reaction force |
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Mass |
Measure of inertia of a body |
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Weight |
Gravitational force exerted on an objects mass |
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Force |
Rate of change of momentum |
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Principle of conservation of momentum |
If no external force acts on a system, the total momentum of the system remains constant |
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Elastic Collisions |
A collision in which both the total momentum, and the total kinetic energy of a system is conserved |
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Inelastic Collisions |
A collision in which the total momentum is conserved, but total kinetic energy isn't |
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Upthrust |
Resultant force on a submerged object due to the upward pressure of the fluid applied on it |
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Center of gravity |
The point on an object at which the entire weight of the body seemingly acts |
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Moment |
It is the turning effect of a force |
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Torque of a couple |
The turning effect caused by two equal and opposite forces whose lines of action do not coincide |
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The principle of moments |
The sum of the clockwise moments taken about any point is equal to the sum of the anti-clockwise moments taken about the same point when a system is in equilibrium |
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Energy |
Stored ability to do work |
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Impulse |
It is the product of a force and the time during which the force is applied |
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Work |
The product of a force and the distance moved in the direction of the force |
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Power |
Rate of doing work |
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Efficiency |
The fraction of the useful power output obtained from the total power input |
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Density |
Mass per unit volume |
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Crystalline |
The arrangement of the particles in the material are arranged in a regular 3-D lattice with well-defined structures visible |
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Amorphous |
(without form) No regular repeating structure of particles in the material |
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Polymeric |
Composed of long regular molecule chains and cross linking of these chains Can undergo great strain and deform to a very great degree |
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Ductile |
Undergo plastic deformation after considerable elastic deformation |
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Brittle |
Does not exhibit any plastic deformation before breaking |
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Ultimate tensile strength |
The maximum value of stress a material can withstand before breaking |
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Pressure |
Perpendicular force per unit area |
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Stress |
Perpendicular force per unit area |
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Strain |
Extension per unit length |
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Strain energy |
The energy stored in a body due to a change in shape |
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Young's modulus |
Ratio of stress to strain - constant of proportionality |
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Elastic deformation |
Temporary distortion-material returns to it's original shape on removal of the distorting force |
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Plastic deformation |
When a small increase in stress causes a large increase in the strain |
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Stress vs strain graphs (gradient and area under) |
Gradient=Young's modulus Area=Work done or energy |
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Electric field |
Region of space where electric charge experiences a force |
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Electric current |
Rate of flow of charged particles |
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Ampere |
1 coulomb per second passing through an electrical component |
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Potential difference |
Energy converted from electrical to other forms of energy when unit charge passed through it |
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Volt |
The p.d. between 2 points in which one joule of energy is converted when one coulomb of charge passes |
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Resistance |
Ratio of p.d. to current |
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Ohm |
One volt per ampere |
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Resistivity |
The resistance between opposite faces of a cute of the material, of unit length and unit cross sectional area |
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Coulomb |
1 coulomb is the amount of charge required to maintain a current of one ampere |
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Ohm's law |
The current through a conductor is proportional to the p.d. across it provided that it's temperature remains constant |
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Thermistor |
A specific type of resistor, as temperature increases, resistance decreases |
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Electromotive force (e.m.f.) |
Energy converted to electrical energy per unit charge |
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Kirchhoff's first law |
The algebraic sum of the current at a junction is zero Related to the conservation of charge |
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Kirchhoff's second law |
Around any closed loop in a circuit, the algebraic sum of the e.m.fs is equal to the algebraic sum of the p.ds Related to the conservation of energy |