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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
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1. need no material medium to propagate
2. Speed of EM wave through vacuum: 3x10^8 m/s 3. Visible wavelength: 4x10-7m to 7x10^-7m |
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Photons
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quantized energy
E=hf=h(c/l) h=planck;s constant |
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Wave-particel duality
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EM wave travels like a wave, but interacts w/ matter like a particle
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Angle of Reflection
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Angle measured from incidence line
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Angle of Refraction
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Angle that a refracted ray makes w/ the line thats perpend. to the plane of interface between the two media.
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Index of refraction
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n=c/v
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How index of refraction works
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If a medium has a lower index of refraction from incident medium, the ray bends away from the normal (vice versa)
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Critical Angle
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Angle at which Total Internal Reflection happens;
Sin of Crit Angle= n2/n1 where n1>n2 |
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Diffraction
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redistrubution of a wave's intensity when an obstruction is presented before an object (spreads out when it hits a hole)
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Polarization
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light whose direction is restricted to one plane (vibrate in a single plane)
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Dispersion
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spreading out of the while light due to variations of wave speed caused by different frequencies
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Four optics questions
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1. where is the image found?
2. is the image upright or inverted? 3. is the image real or virtual? 4. how much is the object magnified by? |
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Real image
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light actually focuses at the position of the image
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Virtual image
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light rays don't focus at the apparent location of the image
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When magnification is "+", then the image is
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upright
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When magnification is "-", then the image is
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inverted
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on a concave mirror, focal length is
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positive
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on a convex mirror, focal length is
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negative
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t/f
the object length is always positive |
t
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Comparing Len optics to mirror optics
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for a lens:
1. equations are the same as for mirrors 2. focal point sign conventions are switched 3. real images form on the opposite side (virtual images form on the same side) |
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Equation for maxima in dispersion
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d sin (theta)=m(wavelength)
d= distance between slits m= is the "n-th" maxima |
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Equation for minima in dispersion
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d sin (theta)=(m+0.5)(wavelength)
d= distance between slits m= is the "n-th" minima |
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In lenses, when the image distance is negative, the image is:
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virtual and upright
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In lenses, when the image distance is positive, the image is:
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real and inverted
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t/f
focal point distance is always negative for converging lenses |
f
focal point distance is always negative for diverging lenses |
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As an object distance becomes greater than f, the image will:
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decrease in distance and become virtual
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As a wave travels from one medium to another, what property does not change?
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Frequency
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The speed of a wave in a given medium is determined by what?
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the type of the wave and the characteristics of the medium NOT the frequency
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