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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The newborn must immediately establish what upon birth?
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Pulmonary Ventilation
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Surfactant
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phospholipid reduces force in infants lungs, prevents lungs from collapsing
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phospholipid reduces force in infants lungs, prevents lungs from collapsing
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Surfactant
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What are the 4 things an infant must master?
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thermoregulation, metabolic homeostasis, conversion from fetal respiratory to independent breathing, closing of 3 fetal ducts for neonate circulation
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When does the first breath take place?
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Within a few seconds
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When will the neonate be breathing on their own?
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Within 30 seconds
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What are the 4 stimuli which send messages to the respiratory center of the neonate's brain?
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sensory
chemical thermal mechanical |
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Examples of sensory stimuli which send messages to the respiratory center of the neonate's brain?
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external environment, cold, touch, light, sound, tactile drying, skin-to-skin contact
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Examples of chemical stimuli which send messages to the respiratory center of the neonate's brain?
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temporary hypoxia from clamping of cord causing acidosis initiating respiration
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Examples of thermal stimuli which send messages to the respiratory center of the neonate's brain?
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neonate's cold causes need for oxygen
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Examples of mechanical stimuli which send messages to the respiratory center of the neonate's brain?
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chest compression and recoil draining some fluid from lungs
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functional residual capacity (FRC)
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amount of air that remains in the lung after a normal expiration
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amount of air that remains in the lung after a normal expiration
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functional residual capacity (FRC)
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Normal Newborn respiratory rate
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30-60 breaths/ minute
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Apnea lasting longer than how long is abnormal, normal?
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Apnea longer than 20 secs is abnormal, 5-15secs is normal
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What are 3 shunts which must close in order for normal circulation to occur?
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ductus arteriosus
foramen ovale ductus venosus |
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Where is the foramen ovale?
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between the right and left atria, blood flow from right to left, shunts blood away from the lungs to the aorta
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between the right and left atria, blood flow from right to left, shunts blood away from the lungs to the aorta
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foramen ovale
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How does the foramen ovale close?
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pressure increasing on the left side greater than the right side, closing the flap,
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When does the foramen ovale close?
(functionally, anatomic, permanently) |
functionally closes - 1 min
anatomic closure - 2hrs permanently closes - 3 months |
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Where is the ductus arteriosus?
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shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta bypassing lungs
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shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta bypassing lungs
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ductus arteriosus
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How does the ductus arteriosus close?
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pulmonary arterioles dilate in response to increased aeration of the lungs causing constriction and closure
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When does the ductus arteriosus close?
(functionally, anatomic) |
functionally closes - 15-24 hrs
anatomic closure - 3-4 wks |
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What does the ductus arteriosus become after closure?
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fibrosis of ductus
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What is it called if the ductus arteriosus reopens? What does it cause?
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patent ductus arteriosus
hypoxia and death |
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Where is the ductus venosus?
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shunt that allows most of blood to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava
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shunt that allows most of blood to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava
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ductus venosus
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