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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the calcium salts
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1.) calcium phosphate
2.) calcium carbonate 3.) hydroxyapatite ( calcium phospate + calcium hydroxide) |
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calcium level is regulated by:
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1.) parathyroid hormone
2.) active form of vitamin D (calcitrol) |
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________ covers bone excapt at joint.
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periosteum
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_________ covers joint the region where a bone articulates with another bone.
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articular cartilage
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shaft of the bone:
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diaphysis
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the region near the ends of the long bones where the long bones make articulations is known as the ___________
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epiphysis
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epiphysis is composed of ______ bone
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spongy (cancellous)
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the cavities in spongy bone and the marrow cavity in the shaft are covered by a layer of cells called the _________ and contain the ___________.
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endosteum
bone marrow |
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marrow is generally taken from spongy bone in the _________ and ___________ for examination and/or transplantation.
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iliac crest
sternum |
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the ____________ system is the basic unit of both compact and spongy bone.
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osteum or Haversian system
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each osteum consists of concentric rings or __________ of calcium salts, proteins, and bone cells.
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lamellae
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the hollow center of each osteum
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Haversian canal
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the Haversian canal contains __________
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1.) osteonal artery
2.) capillary 3.) or venule 4.) and nerve fibers |
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branches of osteonal arteries extend laterally through channels called __________
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volkmann's canals
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the bone cells in an osteum are__________
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osteocytes
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Osteocytes occupy cavities in bone callled __________.
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lacunae
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To some extent, ___________ can deposit new bones and reabsorb existing bone. One of the goals of this bone remodeling may be directed at maintaining the normal plasma Ca++ ion concentration.
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osteocytes
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osteoblasts:
1) what is made from this? 2)what are these derived from? 3.)where is it found? |
1.) osteocytes
2.) osteoprogenitor cells 3.) periosteum and endosteum in adults. if injured or if growing they are found at the periphery of the osteum. |
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osteoblasts:
1) what are their functions? |
1) they secrete protiens which form an extracellular protein matrix or mesh called the osteoid
2) produce collagen molecules 3.) collect Ca++ and phosphate iolns in vesicles which are released in the region of bone to provide the required minerals. 4.) secrete the enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, which removes phosphate groups fromproteins in the growth region. 5.) produce calcium binding proteins - osteocalcin and osteonectin |
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the extracellular protein matrix or mesh secreted my osteoblasts
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osteoid
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____________ is the major protein of the bone
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collagen
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to increase the strength od bone collagen fibers are ...
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aligned in opposite directions in alternating lamellae
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__________ removes phosphate groups from proteins in the growth region.
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alkaline phosphatase
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_____________ binds Ca++ and hydroxapatite crystals.
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osteocalcin
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