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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The "standard model" of how judges should make decisions says that they ought to consider three sets of factors: the facts of a case, the applicable laws, and?
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any applicable precedents
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The view that judges should discern the general principles underlying laws or the Constitution and apply them to modern circumstances is called?
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judicial activism
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The term "senatorial courtesy" refers to?
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presidents consulting senators before appointing judges
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In lecture it was pointed out that the House and Senate are quite different from one another. An example of the difference is?
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Senators have the right to filibuster; House members don't
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The principle of stare decisis is important because?
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it makes the law stable and predictable
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The "Civil Rights Restoration Act" was an example of?
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the working of the checks-and-balances system
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A "clientele" department would be found in?
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the "outer" cabinet
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The process of judicial selection has become harsher and more partisan since the Senate's rejection of President Reagan's Supreme Court nominee?
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Robert Bork
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The term "rule making" describes?
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the process OCR went through when interpreting Title IX
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An order from the House Rules Committee that limits debate and forbids amendment fo a bill is called a?
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closed rule
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President Bush has used his signing statements mainly to?
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influence the interpretation of legislation
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Member of Congress use riders to?
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get their pet projects passed
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A parliamentary system is one in which?
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the chief executive is picked by the legislature
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Bureaucrats are expected to treat citizens "impersonally" because?
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they are trying to avoid favoritism and discrimination
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Representatives who always tries to vote the way their constituencies would like them to are called?
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delegates
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Which of the following presidents is an example of "the president as Samson?"
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Gerald Ford
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When committees of Congress do "oversight", they are?
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watching the bureaucracy to be sure it follows Congress's intent
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Rep. Nancy Pelosi of California wil soon become the top leader in the House when she assumes the tile of?
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Speaker
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An appropriation is a bill in Congress that gives?
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a grant of money to finance a program or agency
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The account of retirement reform in Wasserman demonstrates the importance of?
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an issue network
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President Nixon rationale for refusing to turn over the Watergate tapes was based on?
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his claim of executive privelege
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The chair of a House committee is always
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a member of the majority power
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When a partisan realignment occurs?
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the parties can better address the key issues of the day
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A push poll is?
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influence voters' decisions in a upcoming election
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The fact that most U.S. elected officials are chosen from single-member districts in winner-take-all elections helps explain?
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the fact that the U.S. has only two major political parties
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A primary motivation behind the creation of the Electoral College as a mechanism for selecting the president was?
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distrust of ordinary people
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When Congress banned "soft money," the main effect was?
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to force interest groups to find another way to fund campaigns
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According to your text, when people participate in party politics or in an interest group as a result of "solidary" incentives, they are looking for?
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social life
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What is an example of a "public interest" orginization?
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The League of Women Voters
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"Structural" bias in the mass media results from?
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the fact that media outlets are business
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The "free rider" problem arises because?
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it is not rational for individuals to contribute to public interest groups
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An important part of the job of a "lobbyist" is?
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to advise legislators what interest groups think about proposed law
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Most delegates to national party conventions are now selected by?
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voters in primaries
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Which of the following is a position on a "valence" issue?
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opposition to terrorism
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If a canidate asks for votes on the basis of her successful record in public office, she is appealing to voters who are inclined to vote?
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retrospectivly
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The argument that interest groups, taken as a whole, are representative of the opinions and interests of the whole population is usuall made by?
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pluralists
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Some interest groups pursue goals that, if attained, will principally benefit people who are not members of the groups. These groups are called?
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public interest groups
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Since the 1970s, the public opinion on the issue of abortion has been?
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moderate and stable
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The reelection campaign of Rep. Dick Hayes, described in Wasserman, describd a congressional district that was?
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safe for the incumbent Democrat
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According to Wasserman, while the Democrats have had the advantage in registering new voters, Republicans have had the advantage in?
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targeting
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The "Harry and Louise" advertisements criticized?
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President Clinton's health plan
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Which kind of "bias" is most evident in media coverage of the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal?
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anti-establishment bias
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The most important early events for choosing the nominees for president are the New Hampshire primary and the?
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Iowa caucuses
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The social base of the Democratic party has for decades been rooted in the lower socio-econmic classes. This is a result of?
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the realignment of the early 1930s, when the New Deal appealed to those hurting most in the depression
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The case of Everson v. Board of Education established the doctrine of?
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full seperation of church and state
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An unfunded mandate is?
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a federal law which states must carry out using their own money
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The Electoral College is part of the Constitution's answer to which basic question about government?
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Who governs?
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In Grutter v. Bollinger the Supreme Court ruled that?
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racial diversity can be a compelling state interest
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Dividing power between the states and the national government is called?
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federalism
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The part of the Constitution that goes into the most detail in spelling out the powers of the national government is?
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Article I-the Congress
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Generally, the Antfederalists thought that the government created by the U.S. Constitution was?
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too strong and centralized
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According to Mr. Walcott, the most basic purpose of any Constitution is to?
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place limits on the powers of government
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In discussing the "culture wars", your text seperates Americans into two groups?
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the orthodox and the progressive
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"Selecting incorporation" means?
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that federal rights have been applied to the states, but only one at a time
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The "emergency power" used at the outset of the Civil War is an example of Constitutional change through?
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presidential practice
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When racial discrimination is the deliberate result of the law, we call it?
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de jure discrimination
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According to Madison in Federalist 10, a "faction" is?
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a dangerous group that can either be a minority or a majority
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Many of the constitutional amendments passed in the 20th century tended to fall into a pattern of?
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extending democratic participation right to more people
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The "Meal Deal" of 1790 described in Wasserman resulted in a compromise involving?
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the location of the national capital
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The No Child Left Behind program is discussed in Wasserman as an example of?
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cooperative federalism
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The Grutter and Gratz cases illustrate "judicial activism" in that?
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the justices of the Court assumed the role of public policy makers
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Speech Codes
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potentially create a conflict of civil liberties vs. civil rights
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In Federalist 51, Madison is primarily interested in defending?
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separation of powers
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The process of returning more of the responsiblities of governing from the national level to the state level is known as?
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devolution
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Madison and his fellow Federalists believed that the worst kind of tyranny was?
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tyranny by a majority of people
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Compared to people in other countries, Americans typically have a low degree of?
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class conciousness
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Majoritarian Politics
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a policy in which almost everybody benefits and almost everybody pays
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Interest Group Politics
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a policy in which one group benefits and another small group pays
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Client Politics
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a policy in which one small group benefits and almost everybody pays
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Entrepreneurial Politics
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a policy in which almost everybody benefits and a small group pays the cost
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Policy entrepreneurs
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activists in or out of government who pull together a political majority on behalf of unorganized interests
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Process Regulation
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rules governing commercial activities designed to improve consumer, worker, or environmental conditions
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Gross Domestic Product
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the total of all goods and services produced in the economy during a given year
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Monetarism
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the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods
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Keynesianism
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the belief the government must manage the economy by spending more money in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
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Economic Planning
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the belief that government plans, such as wage and price controls or the direction of investment, can improve the economy
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Supply-Side Theory
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the belief that lower taxes and fewer regulations will stimulate the economy
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Reaganomics
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the belief that a combination of monetarism, lower federal spending, and supply-side economics will stimulate the economy
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Monetary Policy
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managing the economy by altering the supply of money and interest rates
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Fiscal Policy
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managing the economy by the use of tax and spending laws
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Budget Resolution
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a congressional decision that states the maximum amount of money the government should spend
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Entitlements
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a claim for government funds that cannot be changed without violating the rights of the claimant
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Insurance Program
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a self-financing government program based on contributions that provide benefits to unemployed or retired persons
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Assistance Program
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a government program financed by general income taxes that provides benefits to poor citizens without requiring contribution from them
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Means Test
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an income qualification program that determines whether one is eligible for benefits under government programs reserved for lower-income groups
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Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
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a provision of a 1975 law that entitles working families with children to receive money from the government if their total income is below a certain level. The program was extended in the early 1990's
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Containment
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the belief that the U.S. should resist the expansion of aggressive nations, especially the former Soviet Union
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Disengagement
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the belief that the U.S.
was harmed by its war in Vietnam and so should avoid supposedly similar events |
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Miltary-Industrial Complex
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an alleged alliance between miltary leaders and corporate leaders
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Cost Overruns
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when the money actually paid to military suppliers exceeds the estimated costs
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Gold Plating
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the tendency of Pentagon officials to ask weapons contractors to meet excessively high requirements
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Environmental Impact Statement
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a report required by federal law that assesses the possible effect of a project on the environment if the project is funded in whole or part by federal funds
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Command-and-Control Strategy
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a strategy to improve air and water quality, involving the setting of detailed pollution standards and rules
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