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383 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is a true statement about bloodborne pathogen training requirement?
A. Computer based training is not acceptable. B. Video training is not acceptable. C. The training must be conducted by a registered nurse. D. The training must include the opportunity for questions and answers. |
According to the bloodborne pathogen standard 29 CFR 1910.1030, bloodborne pathogen training must include the opportunity for questions and answers.
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Which pollution control technology (of those listed below) is most effective in removing arsenic from a waste water discharge?
A. Aeration B. Hydrogen peroxide C. Ion exchange D. Ultraviolet irradiation |
Ion exchange is used for removing dissolved ions from solutions. It is highly effective (99 percent) at removing arsenic from water.
Hydrogen peroxide is sometimes used as a biocide. It is relatively weak when compared to ozone and chlorine. It is not used for removing arsenic. Ultraviolet irradiation is sometimes used as a disinfectant. It is effective against some chlorine resistant pathogens. It is ineffective for removing arsenic |
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When is hazard communication training required?
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OSHA’s Hazard Communication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) requires training initially and when changes occur.
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What is the assigned protection factor for an SCBA?
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According to OSHA’s Respiratory Protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134), the APF for an SCBA is 10,000.
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The key components of the Voluntary Protection Program are:
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Management commitment and employee involvement, worksite analysis, hazard prevention and control, and safety and health training are the key components to OSHA’s Voluntary Protection Program.
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Safety needle devices are a type of:
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Engineering control
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EPA document “Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings”
designates three levels of PPE for mold remediation. What are those levels? |
The EPA document “Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings” designates three levels of PPE for mold remediation: Minimum (N-95 is recommended),
Limited (half face or full face APR with HEPA cartridges is recommended), and Full (Full-face PAPR is recommended). |
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Japanese style management is also known as which of the following?
A. Theory X B. Theory Y C. Theory Z D. Management by external reward and punishment |
Japanese style or participative management is known as Theory Z.
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Theory X
management is also known as the ? |
"the carrot and the stick approach” and is based on
management by external reward and punishment. |
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What is Theory Y management?
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goal oriented
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The branch of ergonomics that deals with an employee's ability to accurately perceive information presented is called?
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Cognitive ergonomics focuses on the fit between human cognitive abilities and the task or environment. Ex: controls are standardized to reduce human error.
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Which type of welding would you expect to measure high levels of chromium VI?
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Highest levels are generally measured during plasma arc cutting and stick welding, and lower levels are measured during TIG welding.
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Which class of hard hat is used for falling objects and electrical shock from low voltages?
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Class G hard hats are for electrical use with low voltages (2,200 volts).
Class E hard hats can be used with high voltages (22,000 volts). Class C hard hats conduct electricity and provide no electrical protection. |
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Which of the following leads to pain due to the build-up of lactic acid in the muscles?
A. Poor posture B. Repetitive motion C. Lifting more than 50 pounds D. Sustaining an awkward static posture |
Sustaining an awkward, static posture (such as working with arms above the head) leads to muscle pain due the build-up of lactic acid.
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What health effect is caused by a somatosensory toxin?
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Impaired sense of touch or temperature,
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What health effect is caused by dyspnea?
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difficulty breathing
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What health effect is caused by an ototoxin?
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hearing impairment
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Olfactory refers to ?
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sense of smell
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To whom do ABIH certificants have responsibilities in the practice of their profession?
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Clients, employers, employees and the public
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What is a seconday air pollutant? what is an example?
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A secondary air pollutant is one that is created through atmospheric processes from primary air pollutants.
Smog is created from internal combustion emissions and industrial emissions reacting with sunlight. |
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What is "breakthrough"
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The minimum amount of time it takes for a pure liquid chemical to permeate the protective clothing with direct contact.
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What is a fundamental characteristic of white light?
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Multiple wavelengths in the visible spectrum.
White light is a mixture of many different colors (or wavelengths of light). |
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What are the characteristics of asynchronous e-learning programs?
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Learners have access to the training materials 24/7.
Learners may have the opportunity to progress through materials at the own pace. Discussion comments (via message boards and email) may be more refined in the asynchronous enviroment than a synchronous program. Asynchronous environments may lead to a sense of isolation without much support. |
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Which sterilization method is likely to be used when decontaminating a BSL 3 laboratory
for major renovation? A. Formaldehyde fumigation. B. 10% solution of chlorine bleach wipe down of all surfaces. C. 100% solution of isopropyl alcohol wipe down of all surfaces. D. Ionizing radiation using Cobalt 60 as the source. |
The laboratory will need to be fumigated to ensure all surfaces and airborne hazards are sterilized.
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What is flexion deviation?
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Hand deviation with th palm of the hand moving towards the
wrist. |
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What is radial deviation?
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Hand deviation with the thumb moving towards wrist.
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What is ulnar deviation?
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Hand deviation with the smallest fingers moving towards the wrists.
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What is hand extension?
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Hean deviation with the back of the hand moving towards the arm.
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What is the highest carbon dioxide concentration provided that is generally considered appropriate for an office building?
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~1000ppm. ASHRAE recommends that carbon dioxide concentrations not exceed the outside air
concentration plus 700 ppm. Typical outdoor air concentrations of carbon dioxide are 350 ppm to 450 ppm. |
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What is the suspected mechanism of toxicity for bisphenol-A phthalate?
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Suspected endocrine disruptor.
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What is the principal occupational health hazard in gas carburizing?
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Carbon monoxide.
COconcentrations may be as high as 40%, and a small leak can result in high exposures for workers. |
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What is gas carburizing?
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Gas carburizing is the process of adding carbon to steel by holding the steel in a furnace containing high concentrations of carbon at temperatures of 1600 F to 1800 F.
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The null hypothesis in such research might be stated in
this way, “There is no relationship between cell phone usage and brain cancer development.” If a researcher incorrectly determines that cell phone usage does increase cancer risk, what type of error is made? |
Type I error.
Type I error is a rejection of the null hypothesis when the null is actually true. |
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What term describes the heat load placed on the body?
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Thermal stress.
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What is thermal strain?
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The body's response to thermal stress.
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What is the term to describe the reduction of blood to the brain?
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Heat syncope
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Radon is a _ and is typically associated with _?
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Radioactive gas emitting alpha particles.
Radon is estimated to be the number 2 cause of lung cancer in the US. |
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A technician is sampling the air stream in an emission stack. He is trying to use isokinetic sampling. What will be the result if his sampling probe velocity is less than the velocity of the emission stack air stream?
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Over estimated particle concentration
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Plasma arc welding typically has high exposures to? (6)
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metal fumes
ozone nitrogen dioxide decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons radiant energy noise |
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What are polar compounds?
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Polar compounds are molecules with an electrical oreintation. Water is an example of a polar compound.
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What level of hazardous material PPE uses an air purifying respirator?
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Level C uses an air purifying respirator and appropriate chemical protection from dermal hazards.
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What level of hazardous material PPE uses an air SCBA ?
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Level A and Level B
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What's the difference between level A and level B PPE?
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Level A and B both use an SCBA. Level A uses a totally encapsulating suit. Level B uses appropriate chemical protection from dermal hazards other than a totally encapsulated suit.
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Does level D PPE use a respirator?
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No respiratory protection.
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What chemical is typically asspciated with alopecia
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Thallium.
Most isotopes of thallium are radioactive. alopecia = hair loss. |
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Ethylene glycol is what type of health hazard (chronic)
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reproductive
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From an acute exposure standpoint, selenium is associated with ?
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garlic breath
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The hood entry loss coefficient is determined by what variable?
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Hood geometry
Ventilation hood efficiency is solely determined by the shape of the hood. |
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Fan noise is a function of what two variables?
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Rotational speed and number of blades.
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What type of direct reading instrument operates by measuring the heat oc the combustion of gas?
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Thermal conductivity sensor.
A thermal conductivity sensor measures the specific heat of combustion of a gas or vapor. |
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A combustible gas detector typically uses what to combust small vapors on a hot wire?
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wheatstone bridge
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Name 3 primary calibration standards?
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A spirometer is a primary standard that measures the volume of air displacement.
Mariotti Bottle is a primary standard that measures the volume of water displacement. A bubble meter is the most common primary standard and is accurate +/- 1%. |
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Is a critical orrifice a primary or secondary standard?
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A critical orrifice is a secondary standard that decreases the pressure ratio
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What type of GC detector uses an UV lamp to ionize compounds such as organics and aromatics?
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A PID uses an ultraviolet light to ionize substances.
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In describing the interaction of chemicals, what describes a non-harmful substance becoming toxic in the presence of a seperate substance?
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Potentiation
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Definition of Brownian Motion?
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random movement of particles in a fluid.
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Definition for the decibel unit for sound pressure?
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The decibel unit for sound pressure is the logged ratio of the actual sound pressure to a reference sound pressure.
The reference sound pressure is 20 μPa. |
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What type of ionzing radiation does not have mass?
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Gamma radiation is electromagnetic energy.
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What are important factors for estimating exposures to metal fumes during shielded metal arc welding?
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current density
wire feed rate arc time power configuration parent metal composition electrode composition |
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What errror is made when the null hypothesis is accepted but the reality is that the null is not true?
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Type II error.
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What body temperature marks the beginning of severe hypothermia ?
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33C: Severe hypothermia below this temperature.
37C Normal oral temperature |
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Major element in an integrated ergonomics program?
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An ergonomics program must
• recognize ergonomic problems • evaluation of risk factors of specific tasks associated with ergonomic injury • identification of causal factors • involve workers and management in resolving issues • appropriate health care for injured employees |
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What are the health effects associated with cadmium?
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prostate and lung cancer, as well as pulmonary edema.
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What are the health effects associated with lead?
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nervous system health effects and blood disorders.
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What are the health effects associated with hexavalent chromium?
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lung cancer, kidney and liver damage, eye injuries and skin ulcerations.
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What are the health effects associated with arsenic?
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Exposures linked to liver, bladder, kidney, lung, lympathic and skin cancer. Also linked to peripheral neuropathy, dermatitis, nasal septum ulcers and skin hyperpigmentation.
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What is the largest source of radon exposure in communities?
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Radon is a naturally occurring gas. It enters homes from the soil through cracks in foundations and basements. It also enters homes through off gassing from ground water in areas with high radon concentrations.
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What is the definition of an ionization potential?
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Energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.
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Which of the following hoods is most efficient?
A. 8 inch diameter plain opening B. 10 inch diameter plain opening C. 10 inch diameter flanged opening D. 10 inch diameter bell mouth opening |
Hood efficiency is determined by the geometry of the hood. The least efficient hood in the options given is the plain opening. The bell mouth hood is the most efficient. This is evident from the low hood entry loss coefficient of 0.04 for the bell mouth hood.
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Which type of welding process typically produces the greatest amount of noise?
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The noise level in the operator position of a plasma arc welder may be in the range of 110 to 120 dBA.
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Which of the following biohazards is a bacteria?
A. Toxoplasmosis B. Legionella C. Hepatitis D. Common Cold |
Legionella is caused by a bacterium.
Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasitic protozoon. |
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What is the approximate visible light spectrum?
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The visible light spectrum is composed of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 400 nm and 770 nm.
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Which instrument may be used to measure oxygen concentrations?
A. FID B. PID C. GC/MS D. TCD |
A TCD is a thermal conductivity detector. It is used primarily for low molecular weight gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen.
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What type of analysis is appropriate to rapidly detect specific types of airborne bacteria?
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PCR is polymerase chain reaction. It is used to detect some specific microorganisms.
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Exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been connected to what health effects?
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Volatiles has been connected to lung cancer, skin cancer, scrotum cancer, and bladder cancer.
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Which octave band has the greatest adjustment on the A-scale?
A. 31.25 Hz B. 62.5 Hz C. 250 Hz D. 500 Hz |
31.25 Hz
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by ______?
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Prions are infectious agents composed of proteins. They cause Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease and mad cow disease.
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Bacteria are one celled ____ lacking ____?
Name 2 disease cause by bacteria? |
Bacteria are one celled mircobes lacking chlorophyll.
Bacteria cause TB and legionnaire's disease. |
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Relative risk is
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Ratio of disease incidence in an exposed group compared to the disease incidence in an unexposed group.
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Which type of collection device might be used by a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant with blending, bagging, and packaging operations to prevent pollutants from reaching the atmosphere?
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Wet collection devices
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Humans typically hear in what frequency range?
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20 to 20,000 Hz
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What term describes the transformation of a material from the solid state to a gaseous state?
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Sublimation
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WBGT combines the effects of which of the following?
Humidity Temp Air Velocity Radiant Heat All of the above |
All of the above
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A HEPA filter's effectiveness is ?
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99.97% for particles 0.3µm
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Breakthrough volume of solid sorbents tends to be/have _____ for higher sampling flow rates.
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Lower
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A neutron emitting a beta particle becomes a?
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proton
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Metabolism makes a particle more __ soluble so that it can be more readily excreted.
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water
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A study identifies workers exposures and follows them over time to look for the development of disease.
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prospective
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Exposure to what chemical is associated with a "fatty liver"?
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carbon tetrachloride
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What type of GC detector would you typically use for sulfur containing compounds?
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flame ionization detector
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Exposure to n-hexane is associated with?
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peripheral nerve destruction
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Exposure to ethylene glycol is associated with ?
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reporductive hazard
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What type of sheilding should be used for beta particles?
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plexiglass
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What type of analytical technique would best suit compounds with high boiling points?
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HPLC
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What is the major mechanism of toxicity for carbon monoxide?
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CO blocks O2 bonding to hemoglobin
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Which scientific principle does the infrared analyzer utilize to determine concentrations of airborne contaminants?
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Beer’s law describes the relationship between the concentration of a contaminant and the absorbance of light and the path length of the light
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What is the directivity index of a weather alert siren placed on a utility pole on the playground of a neighborhood elementary school?
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The directivity index (DI) is used for noise reflecting off nearby surfaces.
DI = 10logQ Q is 1 for spherical (no nearby reflective surfaces) DI = log 1 = 0 |
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Loading a Banbury mixer can expose workers to high concentrations of particulate matter. Which industry uses the Banbury mixer?
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Rubber stock, carbon black, and chemical adhesives are mixed in batches in the Banbury Mixer in the production of rubber.
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What fungal type is inappropriate for detection with spore traps and microscopy?
A. Alternaria spp. B. Stachybotrys chartarum C. Apergillus fumigatus D. Basidiospores |
Microscopy is a useful way to detect the presence of many fungal species. Aspergillus fumigatus should be detected with a culture or immunoassay.
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What management theory is based on assuming that people do not like to work and will avoid it whenever possible?
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Theory X managers assume people do not like to work and must be foced to work.
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What assumptions are made in Theory Y management?
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Theory Y managers assume people view work as natural.
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A process involves heating polyethylene to high temperatures in a normal atmosphere. What substance is a possible product of the heating process?
A. Dichlorobenzene B. Bromic acid C. Chloroform D. Formaldehyde |
Combustion by-products are the concern when heating polyethylene (C2H4) to high temperatures.
Formaldehyde H2CO contains only elements found in polyethylene and in the atmosphere. |
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What type of air cleaning device is most appropriate for the wood shop of a furniture factory?
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A wood shop would likely create large particles of wood dust.
Cylcone |
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Name one type of air cleaning device is used for chemical vapors?
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Absorber
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Name 2 types of air cleaners used for removing very small particles?
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Electrostatic precipitator and the venturi scrubbler are efficient at removing small particles.
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Best location to check for a source of Legoinnaire's Disease?
A. Surface sampling of mold B. Airborne sampling of bacteria C. Water sample of cooling tower reservoir D. Airborne sampling of particulate matter |
Legionnaire’s Disease is caused by a bacterium that grows well in warm, stagnant wate
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Which respirator is most likely to have the highest APF?
A. Half-face APR B. Full-face tight fitting PAPR C. Full-face APR D. Loose fitting PAPR |
Full-face tight fitting PAPR
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What is prebycusis?
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hearing loss cause by the aging process
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What is sociacusis?
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hearing loss associated with the noises of everyday life
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What is nosoacusis?
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hearing loss attributable to other causes.
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What type of radiation is associated with health effects of exposure to radon gas?
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alpha
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Which laboratory designation is appropriate for studying a virus that causes a minor disease in chickens, but poses no threat to humans. The virus is only spread through direct contact with the carrier.
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Viruses that cause minor disease in animals and no threat to humans are studied in labs with designation BSL-1
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An epidemiologist is studying cancer rates in a specific worker population. She is comparing the disease incidence with estimated exposure in the population.
Which of the following p-values shows a statistically significant result? A. 0.01 B. 0.10 C. 0.50 D. 1.00 |
P-value may be defined in simple terms as the probability that the experimental result occurred by chance.
P-value is compared to the pre-determined signifance level (α). If the p-value is less than α, then the result is declared statistically significant. α is usally set at 0.05 0.01 is < 0.05 |
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What is an FEV1?
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The amount of air forced out of the lung in 1 second.
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What is the recommended face velocity for a laboratory fume hood?
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80-120 fpm
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What is the maximum number of recommended bullets on a MS PowerPoint slide?
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6
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What is degradation?
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process of changing the chemical make-up of the materail. In essence, the material dissolves.
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What is permeation?
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process of the chemical diffusing through the material at the molecular level.
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What is penetration PPE?
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process of moving through holes in the material.
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Most confined space meters easure the flammability of an atmosphere by measuring the change in resistance of a heated wire as vapors are combusted when they come into contact with the wire. Which gas must be present in normal quantities for these meters to operate correctly?
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Combustion requires the presence of oxygen.
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A company has employees that work 10-hour shifts. What is the ACGIH noise exposure limit for the 10-hour shift?
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84
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A nationwide study of occupational asthma enrolled a random selection of insulation workers. The workers that enrolled in the study were given free physicals at local health clinics. The physicians at the clinics asked the workers to fill out questionnaires, and they diagnosed asthma status of the workers. The study compared total exposure to disease incidence.
What type of error was introduced to the study? |
Observational bias results from study participants being placed into the wrong category of exposure status or disease status based on observation.
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What is the Ames Test?
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The Ames Test uses bacteria to evaluate whether a substance is likely to cause mutations.
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A laboratory technician is using a centrifuge. If there is a problem and the substance were sprayed into the air, which of the following agents would stay in the air the longest? Assume the agents are pure substances (not attached to particle or water droplet).
A. Anthrax spores B. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis C. SARS Virus D. Red blood cell |
The smallest particles will most likely stay in the air the longest. - SARS virus
Anthrax spores are ~0.1 to 0.5 microns. Bacteria:~ 0.5 to 5.0 microns Viruses are intracellular parasites, and they must fit within a cell. Most viruses are about 100 nm (0.1 microns). Red blood cells are about 6 to 8 microns in size. |
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Which parameter effects geometrical resonance in a worker exposed to radio frequencies?
A. Shape of antenna B. Distance from antenna C. Shape of work space D. Height of worker |
Height of worker.
There is a relationship in the specific absorption rate for body between the height of the worker and the frequency. |
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How many days does it take to become acclimated to higher heat loads when the worker is exposed to 2 continuous hours of heat stress each day?
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1-2 weeks.
ACGIH TLV book indicates that an employee should be exposed to 2 continuous hours of heat stress or 5 of the last 7 days to 10 to the last 14 days. |
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A researcher conducted a cross-sectional analysis of employees in the automobile repair industry. She evaluated the prevalence of asthma in those workers exposed to aerosolizee paint compared to those workers not exposed. What type if result is likely to be determined from this study?...how would risk be caluclated?
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A cross sectional study takes a snap shot in time of exposure and disease prevalence. The study is used to estimate the risk of developing a disease for exposed persons relative to non-exposed. This is relative risk.
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Which safety management expert conducted research indicating 88% of accidents are caused by unsafe actions?
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H.W. Heinrich stated that unsafe actions caused 88% of accidents and the rest are caused by unsafe conditions and acts of God.
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Which type of instrument is typically used to continuously monitor pressure drop across a filter?
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An aneroid anemometer measures pressure drop without using a liquid. A common brand of aneroid anemometer is the Magnehelic gauge.
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Whats one type of glove that provides protection against chloroform exposure through permeation?
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Viton
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What biosafety level for biological research lab requires complete separation of the lab from other occupied spaces?
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BSL4.
Requires complete separation fom all other occupied spaces. |
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What type of fan would be the best choice for a local exhaust ventilation system in furniture factory that makes use of wood as the raw material?
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Radial centrifugal fan.
Limited material build-up. |
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What type of fan is appropriate for an attic or window fan?
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Axial fan
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What type of fan is most appropriate where space is the limiting factor?
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Vane-axial fan
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What is a disadvantage of the backward-curved centrifugal fan?
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Build-up of materials on blades.
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What causes Rocky mountain spotted fever ?
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It is a rickettsial illness caused by the Rickettsia rickettsi bacteria carried by ticks.
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What is the minimum relative moisture content necessary to promote the growth of stachybotrys chartarum in a typical wallboard.
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>90%.
Most molds need a moist environment. Healthy indoor environments tend to have relative humidity in the range of 40-60%. Stachybotrys chartarum needs very high relative moisture to thrive. |
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What is the purpose of Gantt chart?
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Organizes project schedules.
A Gantt chart uses bars to illustrate a project schedule with start dates, end dates, milestones, etc. It is helpful in determining the length of a project and the use of resources available. |
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A SEG contains 7 members. How many of these workers should have their exposures measured to be reasonably certain that one of the measurements is from a worker in the upper 10% of worker exposures?
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7.
See NIOSH chart. |
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Which biological sample provides the best evidence for an acute exposure to heavy metals?
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Blood.
Hair, fingernails and body fate build up slowly in the body. These are likely to provide evidence of chronic exposure. |
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What is a Borg scale?
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It is used to estimate physical activity based on person's perception.
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A supervisor closely watches his employees. He rigorously enforces all safety rules. What theory most closely describes his management style?
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Theory X.
Douglas McGragor identified people with as X managers were those that assumed people did not like to work, and they must be forced, controlled, or directed. |
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What theory describes work as natural, and they seek responsibility and like to achieve?
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Y managers.
McGregor |
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Which frequency is most likely to be lost first as a results of over-exposure to noise in the work place?
500Hz 1000Hz 2000Hz 4000Hz |
4000Hz
The ability to hear high frequencies are the first lost from occupational noise exposure. |
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What is the purpose of the SDpooled?
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The SDpooled is the pooled standard deviation from 2 unique sample sets.
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What type of respiratory protection is appropriate for a BSL4 lab?
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Supplied air respirators are required.
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A workers deep core body temp should be maintained at ~ what temperature?
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Deep core temp should be maintained at 36C.
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What indoor air quality contaminant is estimated to have the greatest health impact in the US?
Radon Formaldehyde Stachybotrys chartarum CO |
Radon
Radon kills estimated 15,000-21,000 Americans / year. Formaldehyde ~400 Americans / year. CO: ~500-1000 Americans /year |
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What is the most common method for dealing with radioactive waste?
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Long term storage
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WhIch level of biosafety cabinet is appropriate for studying pathogens that pose no health effect for humans and are not transmitted via aerosol?
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Open bench.
Biosafety cabinet not required. |
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Which metal causes Parkinson's type symptoms from exposure?
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Manganese
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What condition causes the skin to become blue or bluish-grey colored?
And exposure to what metal causes this? |
Argyria.
Exposure to silver. |
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What musculoskeletal disorder can occur from prolonged flexion and extension of the wrists and repeated pressure on the hypothenar eminence of the palm?
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Guyon tunnel syndrome.
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What musculoskeletal disorder is caused by the compression of the median nerve on the palm side of the wrist?
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Carpal tunnel syndrome.
|
|
|
What musculoskeletal disorder is caused by the swelling of the synovial sheath ?
|
Tendosynovitis
|
|
|
What musculoskeletal disorder is caused by the swelling of a tendon sheath on the radial side of the wrist?
|
Ganglion
|
|
|
What is the typical aversion response to visible beam laser?
|
0.25 seconds
|
|
|
What is a case control study?
|
A study comparing the exposure of people with disease (cases) and the exposure to those without disease (controls).
|
|
|
What is the appropriate WBGT adjustment factor for an employee wearing normal work clothes?
|
WBGT is used to estimate thermal stress. It assumes workers are wearing regular work clothes. An adjustment is added to the calculated WBGT for clothes that inhibit heat transfer.
|
|
|
A construction worker was welding with an arc welder. What is the size range of the fumes generated by the welding?
|
0.001 microns - 1 micron.
|
|
|
What industry is likely to have exposures to arsenic ?
Lead battery production Pulp and paper Aluminum Electronic microchip production |
Arsenic is present in many electronic microchips
|
|
|
What type of worker is at risk for developing Q fever?
|
Cattle farmer.
The primary reservoir for the bacteria, coxiella bernutii, are cattle, sheep, & goats. |
|
|
What sampling device utilizes infrared light to detect contaminants?
|
Miran.
|
|
|
How are contaminants collected using a denuder?
|
Diffusion process
|
|
|
What statement describes type I error?
|
A type I error is the rejection of the null whe the null is true.
|
|
|
In which mode should an SCBA be operated when used in an IDHL environment?
|
Positive pressure.
Continuous mode is not a good choice bc it is always letting air out of the bottle. |
|
|
What type of equipment provides the best foot protection from falling objects?
|
Metatarsal protection
Boots with metatarsal protection have a steel plate covering the foot to ankle. Steel toes do not protection the entire foot. |
|
|
Which type of welding is most likely to produce high exposures to ozone?
|
Plasma arc welding uses a flow or an inert gas (such as argon) through an orifice under a high voltage gradient, resulting in a highly ionized gas stream. High quantities of ozone and nitrogen dioxide are produced.
|
|
|
How are resistance welds made?
|
An electrical current passes through 2 pieces of metal held together under pressure. No filler in this process.
|
|
|
Submerged arc welding shields the electric arc with what?
|
A granular, fusible flux.
This minimizes the exposure of the arc to the air and reduces the production of ozone. |
|
|
How is gas welding performed?
|
It uses heat generated from a torch to melt the workpiece and a filler rod in the welding process.
|
|
|
What contaminant is a common exposure in the production of iron and steel?
|
Silica dust.
Iron and steel require very high temperatures during production. The molten ore is stored and transferred in containers lined with refractory (ceramic bricks). The refractory must be replace on regular basis, and there is great potential for silica exposure from the refractory. |
|
|
What statistic is used to report results from a case control study?
|
Odds-ratio
|
|
|
Odds ratio is used to describe data from what type of studies?
|
Case-control
Cohort Clinical trials |
|
|
Relative risk is used to describe data from what type of studies?
|
Cohort
Cinica trials |
|
|
In which mode should an SCBA be operated when used in an IDHL environment?
|
Positive pressure.
Continuous mode is not a good choice bc it is always letting air out of the bottle. |
|
|
What type of equipment provides the best foot protection from falling objects?
|
Metatarsal protection
Boots with metatarsal protection have a steel plate covering the foot to ankle. Steel toes do not protection the entire foot. |
|
|
Which type of welding is most likely to produce high exposures to ozone?
|
Plasma arc welding uses a flow or an inert gas (such as argon) through an orifice under a high voltage gradient, resulting in a highly ionized gas stream. High quantities of ozone and nitrogen dioxide are produced.
|
|
|
How are resistance welds made?
|
An electrical current passes through 2 pieces of metal held together under pressure. No filler in this process.
|
|
|
Submerged arc welding shields the electric arc with what?
|
A granular, fusible flux.
This minimizes the exposure of the arc to the air and reduces the production of ozone. |
|
|
How is gas welding performed?
|
It uses heat generated from a torch to melt the workpiece and a filler rod in the welding process.
|
|
|
What contaminant is a common exposure in the production of iron and steel?
|
Silica dust.
Iron and steel require very high temperatures during production. The molten ore is stored and transferred in containers lined with refractory (ceramic bricks). The refractory must be replace on regular basis, and there is great potential for silica exposure from the refractory. |
|
|
What statistic is used to report results from a case control study?
|
Odds-ratio
|
|
|
Odds ratio is used to describe data from what type of studies?
|
Case-control
Cohort Clinical trials |
|
|
Relative risk is used to describe data from what type of studies?
|
Cohort
Cinica trials |
|
|
The heat stress index is?
|
A measure of the ratio of the heat loss necessary to maintain thermal equilibrium to the maximum heat loss possible under specific environmental conditions.
|
|
|
An office building is designed to hold 1,000 people. What is the ASHRAE recommended amount of airflow for the building?
|
20cfm/person.
1000 persons * 20cfm/person = 20,000cfm. |
|
|
What is the minimum level of oxygen in an atmosphere considered safet for a confined space entry?
|
19.5%
|
|
|
What is the best time to collect a biological sample when using a BEI that must be collected at the end of a a shift?
|
As soon as possible after the shift ends.
|
|
|
What is the best time to collect a biological sample when using a BEI that must be collected during the shift?
|
Anytime after 2 hours of exposure.
|
|
|
What is the best time to collect a biological sample when using a BEI that must be collected prior to the shift?
|
16 hours after exposure
|
|
|
What is parenthesia?
|
Temporary numbness of skin
Heighten sensation and tingling Direct interference with sensory axons. Examples: pyrethroids, a group of broad spectrum insecticides. |
|
|
What is the reference sound pressure ?
|
20 micropascals which = 20 *10^-6 Pa.
|
|
|
1N/m2 = _Pa ?
|
1N/m2 = 1Pa
|
|
|
How many cups are in a quart?
|
4 cups = 1 quart
|
|
|
What is the term for the suppression or stoppage of the flow bile ?
Give an example |
Cholestasis
Ex: ethanol, organic arsenicals. |
|
|
What is the reserve capacity of the liver?
|
Excess functional capacity
Liver can regenerate itself Clinical changes in the liver function are not manifested until reserve capacities have been overwhelmed. |
|
|
Female reproductive toxicants
|
Arsenic
Organic mercury Lead (inorganic) Carbon disulfide Ionizing radiation PCBs Toluene Styrene |
|
|
how many millimeters in a meter?
|
1000 mm = 1 m
|
|
|
how many millimeter (mm) in a centimeters (cm) ?
|
10 mm = 1 cm
|
|
|
how many cm in a meter?
|
100 cm = 1 m
|
|
|
how many micrometers (µm) in a millimeter (mm)?
|
1000µm = 1 mm
|
|
|
What organ may exhibit an urticarial reaction from chemical exposures?
|
Skin
|
|
|
how many cups are in a quart?
|
4 cups = 1 quart
|
|
|
how many ng are in a microgram?
|
1000
|
|
|
how many micrograms are in a milligram?
|
1000 microgram = 1 mg
|
|
|
What is the best method for sampling methanol vapors in the workplace?
|
silica gel tube with a sampling pump analyzed by GC
|
|
|
What is the best method for sampling heavy metals in welding fumes?
|
MCE filter analyzed by atomic emission spectroscopy.
|
|
|
What is the best method for sampling ammonia
|
solid sorbent tube of silica gel treated with sulfuric acid analyzed by ion chromatography.
|
|
|
What chemicals are detected by an FID?
|
aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons
|
|
|
How many pints are in 1 gallon?
|
8 pints = 1 gallon
|
|
|
UV has wavelength of?
|
200nm to 400nm
|
|
|
visible light has wavelength of ?
|
400-700nm
|
|
|
infrared light has a wavelength of ?
|
700-1400nm
|
|
|
area of round duct using r?
|
A = πr2
|
|
|
area of round duct using D?
|
A = πD2 /4
|
|
|
circumference of duct = ?
|
C = πD
|
|
|
Rad equals?
|
Rad = a unit of absorbed dose (0.01J/kg)
|
|
|
How does the atomic mass change during alpha decay?
|
Decreases by 4 ( lose 2 protons, 2 neutrons)
|
|
|
What happens to the atomic number during alpha decay?
|
Down by 2.
|
|
|
What type of stats test is used to analyze statistical data from categorical information?
|
Chi-square.
|
|
|
What type of stats test is used to test for accuracy of a statistical model, normally from continuous data?
|
F-test.
|
|
|
What type of text is used when comparing two statistical distributions for small samples (n<20)?
|
T-test.
|
|
|
What type of text is used when comparing two statistical distributions for large samples (n>30)?
|
Z-test.
|
|
|
Recommended transport velocity for a gas or vapor is ?
|
1,000 -2,000 fom.
|
|
|
Speed of light ?
|
3*10^8m/sec
|
|
|
_ welding joins two pieces of metal by sending a brief electrical jolt through them. The two pieces must be aligned and in contact before teh jolt is delivered.
|
Resistance welding
|
|
|
_ welding, metal is heated by electricity flowing through it. The base metal and elecrtode (filler metal) become a closed weld circuit. Electricity is supplied by the welding machine, and it flows through the filler, arcs to the base metal and returns to the welding machine.
|
Arc welding
Gas Metal Arc Welding (aka metal inert gas) Gas Tungsten Ar Wleding aka Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG)Sheilded Metal Arc Welding (aka, SMAW, Stick) Flux, etc |
|
|
_ welding is very precise and fast, with micro welding capabilites. It is often used in electonics. No filler metal is required, and the heat affected zone is small, but fumes are generated in comparable quanities.
|
Laser welding
|
|
|
80% of the welding in the world is?
|
Shielded Metal Arc (AKA, SMA, Stick)
Metal Inert Gas Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) |
|
|
components of metal fume?
|
iron oxide, manganese oxide, fluorides, silcon dioxide and titanium, nickel, chromium, molybedenum, canadium, tungsten, copper cobalt, lead, zine.
|
|
|
Metal fume exposure is dependent on ?
|
current density and arc time.
|
|
|
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTA) aka Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG)
_ or _ is fed around electrode to provide a gas sheild. consumable or non-consumable tungsten electrode? |
argon or heilium
Non-consumable tungsten electrode |
|
|
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTA) aka Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG)
Describe exposure? |
exposure to welding fumes is much lower.
High engery TIG produces NOx, up to 3 ppm. |
|
|
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMA) aka Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG)
Similar to TIG, except? |
Uses a consumable wire as electrode.
|
|
|
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMA) aka Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG)
_ frequently used for shielding? |
carbon dioxide is frequency used for sheilding - Metal Active Gas (MAG)
|
|
|
Sumberged Arc Welding (SAW)
Shielding provided by? |
covering weld with granular, fuisble flux.
|
|
|
Sumberged Arc Welding (SAW) exposures?
|
Hydrogen fluoride
Soluble fluoride particulates from welding flux. Dust from filling hopper with flux material. |
|
|
Plasma Arc Welding (PAW)
high voltage gradient with sheilding gas ionized gas stream. Temperatures exceed? Exposure profile? (4) |
temp exceeds 60,000F
Exposure profile? noise oxzone nitrogen dioxide metal fumes |
|
|
Gas welding
_ and _ combust to provide heat. used for ? Exposures? |
oxygen and welding gas (acetylene) combust to provide gas.
Used for light sheet metal. Expsoures: metal fume nitrogen dioxide |
|
|
metal fume fever
Sx? after exposure to? |
flu-like symptoms after exposure to zinc oxide fume and dust.
|
|
|
_ pints = 1 gal
|
8 pints = 1 gal
|
|
|
_ lb = 1 kg
|
2.2 lb = 1 kg
|
|
|
Methanol metabolizes into
|
formaldehyde
|
|
|
What organ may exhibt an urticarial reaction from a chemical exposure?
|
skin
|
|
|
High exposures to carbon tetrachloride are most likely to damage what organ?
|
Liver
|
|
|
Which of the following is recognized as a teratogen?
A. Asbestos B. Silica C. Carbon dioxide D. Organic mercury |
organic mercury?
|
|
|
A contaminant in the blood is removed from the blood at a constant rate of 0.01mg/min from the moment of contamination until it is eliminated. What term describes this toxicokinetic model?
|
Zero-order
|
|
|
Which exposure is associated with leukemia?
A. Radon B. Beryllium C. Cadmium D. Benzene |
benzene
|
|
|
What is the best description of nicotine toxic properties?
A. Hepatoxin B. Neurotoxin C. Carcinogen D. Teratogen |
neuotoxin
|
|
|
Which exposure is most likely to be associated with CNS health effects?
A. Carbon monoxide B. Organochlorines C. Radon D. Boron |
organochlorines
|
|
|
What chemical is metabolized to acetone in the body?
|
IPA
|
|
|
What metal is associated with Parkinson like sx?
|
manganese
|
|
|
inability to perceive odors?
|
anosmia
|
|
|
shortness of breath?
|
dyspnea
|
|
|
a carcinogen that requires biotransformation.
carcinogen only after it is altered by metabolic processes |
procarcinogen
|
|
|
Name 3 simple asphyxiants- minimally toxic gas which reduces or diplaces the normal oxygen concentration in breathing air.
|
nitrogen, argon, helium
|
|
|
4 chemical asphyxiants?
|
carbon monoxide
hydrogen sulfide hydrogen cyanide acetylene |
|
|
constriction of the pupil of eye?
|
miosis
|
|
|
loss of conscousness, fainting?
|
syncope
|
|
|
presenting with cysts?
|
vesiculation
|
|
|
fasciculation
|
involuntary muscle contraction
|
|
|
malignant neoplasm of blood or lymphatic vessel walls?
|
angiosarcoma
|
|
|
gross lack of muscle coordidnation
|
ataxia
|
|
|
weakness, exhaustion
|
lassitude
|
|
|
dysuria
|
painful urination
|
|
|
2A and 2B ?
|
IARC propbable human carcinogen and possible human carcinogen
|
|
|
mold on bat/bird droppings in soil?
|
histoplasmosis
|
|
|
sampler which collects inhalble particles including biological samples?
|
button sampler
|
|
|
redness of skin
|
erythema
|
|
|
inflammation of the bladder
|
cystitis
|
|
|
disorder or disease of the brain?
|
encephalopathy
|
|
|
size range for dusts
|
1 micron - 1 mm
|
|
|
size of mists
|
<100 microns
|
|
|
polar compounds electons are _ ?
|
unequally shared
|
|
|
non-polar compounds, electrons are _ ?
|
shared
|
|
|
_ is a big issue with silca gel.
|
humidity
hydrophilic (preferentially binds to H20) |
|
|
Portable,
good for aromatic, medium for chlorinated hydrocarbons, BAD for formaldehyde |
FID aka carbon counter
|
|
|
To make IR more sensitve and lower LOD.
|
increase path length
|
|
|
average skin temp
|
95
|
|
|
2 non-particle types of ionzing radiation?
|
gamma & xray
|
|
|
react directly with DNA
|
genotoxic carcinogens
|
|
|
epigenetic carcinogens
|
no DNA reaction
|
|
|
target organ for uranium
|
kidney
|
|
|
pine resin flux in soldering
|
colophony (aka rosin)
|
|
|
colophony and chromium salts cause?
|
occupational asthma
|
|
|
lung granulomas, CBD (beryllliosis), lung cancer, cehmical pneumonitis (SEN) are toxic effects of ?
|
beryllium exposure
|
|
|
organophosphate insecticides inhibits?
|
chloinesterase
|
|
|
acroosteolysis (uclers on hands) is associated with what?
|
vinyl chlroide
|
|
|
x-rays are a form of _ radiation?
|
gamma
|
|
|
major sites of lung injury from xenobiotics?
|
clara cells
|
|
|
transport velocity for dusts?
|
3500-4000 fpm
|
|
|
how many dB should be added when the differenc btwn 2 sources is 0-1 dB
|
add 3 dB to the high level
|
|
|
how many dB should be added for 2 sources when the difference is ten or more dB?
|
O
|
|
|
laser in supermarket
|
class 2A
|
|
|
Organophosphates
|
chloinesterase inhibitors
parathion/malathion -irreversible. Carbamate- reversible |
|
|
Baghouse utilizes filtration for what size particulate?
|
>0.25 micron
|
|
|
Scrubber
particles adsorb water- get bigger. what size? |
5 micron
|
|
|
Venturi scrubber- more effective than scrubber.
needs ? effective at what size? |
needs more power
>1 micron |
|
|
Settling Chamber
oldest form of separator, used for? |
wood chips, misc chips
|
|
|
Gas/vapor pollution control ?
|
absorber, adsorber, condensor
|
|
|
shellfish paralysis
|
saxitoxin
|
|
|
which insecticide penetrates skin faster? lipid or water soluble?
|
lipid
|
|
|
spore forming bacterium from livestock, usually comes from ?
|
Hides
|
|
|
What causes anthrax?
|
wool sorters disease
|
|
|
handling infected meat, milk
|
brucellosis
|
|
|
disease of rodents especially rabbits
|
tuleremia
|
|
|
lung, liver, leukemia, skin caners.
pale band on fingernail. anemia nasal septum ulcers |
arsenic intoxication
|
|
|
cobalt target organ
|
heart
|
|
|
metabolite of methylene chloride
|
CO
|
|
|
why does silver have a low TLV?
|
argyria - skin becomes blueish
|
|
|
outdoor air supply per person
|
20 cfm/person
|
|
|
Ce for perfectly efficient hood
|
Ce=1 (doesn't exist)
|
|
|
Make sure ER is in pt/min if you want Q as _?
|
cfm
|
|
|
how the body stores toxins
|
sequestration
|
|
|
DDT & PCB stored in ?
|
fat
|
|
|
heavy metals are stored in ?
|
bone
|
|
|
dust are stored in ?
|
lungs
|
|
|
metabolism trys to make toxins more _ soluble for excretion.
|
water
|
|
|
cellular suicide
|
apoptosis
|
|
|
inorganic arsenic causes what 4 cancers?
target organs? |
lung, liver, leukemia, skin cancers
target organs: liver & kidney |
|
|
may cause pulmonary edema up to one day after exposure?
|
phosgene
|
|
|
chronic exposure to cadmium causes?
|
lung cancer
pumonary emphysema kidney |
|
|
coal tar pitch volatiles causes what 3 cancers?
|
lung
kidney skin target organs: lung, kidney, bladder, skin |
|
|
What is RETER?
|
Reservoir
Escape Transmission Entry (new host) Reinfection |
|
|
part of the eye most sensitive to UV damage?
|
cornea
|
|
|
relationship btwn sensations and physical stimuli?
|
psychophysical
|
|
|
for distribtuions skewed to the right, the mean is _ than the median.
|
greater
|
|
|
the mean is always pulled in the direction of the skew (extreme scores) T or F
|
true
|
|
|
noise across spectrum - uneven energies in frequencies
|
white noise
|
|
|
noise across spectrum - equal energies in each frequencies
|
pink noise
|
|
|
>200 impacts / minute
|
continous noise
|
|
|
proteinaceous infectious materials lacking nucleic acids, Mad Cow are called?
|
prions
|
|
|
8 causes of peripheral neuropathy?
CLADMNOTE |
C: carbon disulfide
L: ead A: arsenic, acrylamide during grouting ops M: mercury N: n-hexane, MNBK O: ogranophosphates T: thallium E: ethylene oxide |
|
|
In SMA welding how are fluorides created?
|
weldig flux (stick
|
|
|
In TIG welding, the electrode is made of _.
A common additive to this electrode is _? |
Tungsten.
Thorium. |
|
|
+/- 3 SD?
|
99.7%
|
|
|
welding on galvanized steel can cause?
|
metal fume fever - caused by zinc oxide fumes
|
|
|
urine from infected animal
|
leptospirosis
|
|
|
% of outdoor air
|
(CR‐CS) ÷ (CR‐CO) × CFM in
|
|
|
adding carbon to steel?
|
gas carburizing
|
|
|
hot or cold load on body
|
thermal stress
|
|
|
body's response to thremal stress
|
thermal strain
|
|
|
sever hypothermia begins at?
|
33C
|
|
|
metbolic load is always _.
evaporative load is always_ |
metbolic load is always PLUS
evaporative load is always MINUS or ZERO |
|
|
organisms with no cell nucleus
|
prokaryotic (Pro-No)
|
|
|
organisms that have a cell nucleus
|
eukaryotic
|
|
|
adding a flange increases capture velocity by _%
|
33%
|
|
|
filled with gas, measures beta and gamma
|
Geiger-mueller
|
|
|
Pollution control for power plants?
|
ESP
|
|
|
aka wet scrubber, >1 micron, removes some gases
|
venturi scrubber
|
|
|
happens in summer, early am, air gets warmer as it rises from cold ground
|
surface inversion
|
|
|
what temp does ACGIH recommend recording outdoor temps and wind speed to monitor cold stress?
|
30.2F
|
|
|
realtime detection method for bacteria?
|
polymerase chain reaction
|
|
|
ANSI Z89.1
|
Helmets
|
|
|
ANSI Z10
|
H&S Mgmt
|
|
|
ANSI Z87
|
eye protection
|
|
|
typical filter lens shade for elecrtic arc ?
|
10-14
|
|
|
typical filter lens shade for gas?
|
4-8
|
|
|
typical filter lens shade for torch cutting
|
3-6
|
|
|
prolonged flexion and extension of the wrist, repeated pressure on hypothenar eminence?
|
guyon tunnel syndrome
|
|
|
swelling of tendon sheath on radial side of wrist.
|
ganglion
|
|
|
core body temp should be maintained at
|
36C
|
|
|
BSL 4 work requires what type of BSC?
|
glovebox
|
|
|
rating of perceived exertion
|
borg scale
|
|
|
pollution control in pharma industry?
|
wet scrubber
|
|
|
analysis detection of welding fumes?
|
IC/ICP
|
|
What units are A?
|
A = activity (mCi)
|
|
What units is d?
|
d = distance from source (cm)
|
|
What units is D?
|
D = dose rate (rem/hr)
|
|
What units is x?
|
x = sheild thickness (cm)
|
|
What unit is TVL?
|
TVL = tenth-value layer (cm)
|
|
What unit is E?
|
E = irradiance (W/cm2)
|
|
What unit is P?
|
P = power (W)
|
|
What units is A? how do you calculate A?
|
A = Area (cm2)
A = πD2 |
|
what unit is r?
|
r = safe viewing distance (cm)
|
|
what unit is δ ?
|
δ = divergence (radians)
|
|
what unit is Φ ?
|
Φ = laser power (watts)
|
|
|
What unit is EL?
|
EL = exposure limit (W/cm2)
|
|
what unit is a ?
|
a = emergent beam diameter (cm)
|
|
what unit is fo?
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fo = lens focal length (cm)
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what unit is bo?
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bo = beam size at lens (cm)
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what unit is EL?
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EL = exposure limit (W/cm2)
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