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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
essential vs. non-essential amino acids
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essential- you must get in your diet
non-essential- your body already makes these, so you don't need them in your diet |
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primary structure
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amino acid sequence
amino acids+peptide bonds |
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secondary structure
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sheet or helix
twisting & turning of neighboring AAs, stabilized by hydrogen bonds |
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tertiary structure
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3 dimensional shape of polypeptide chain
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quaternary structure
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arrangement of 2 or more polypeptide chains
-->explains why proteins are more complicated to break down |
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the fate of amino acids in the energy metabolic pathway
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1) kreb cycle intermediates (entry into the krebs cycle(
2) gluconeogenic pathway (non-glucose precursor to the production of glucose in gluconeogenesis) |
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deamination
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before AAs can enter the Krebs cycle, their amino group (NH2) must first be removed thru deamination.
occurs in the liver, and produces ammonia (NH3). the liver cells then convert the highly toxic ammonia to urea |
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transamination
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the transfer of an amino group from an AA to pyruvic acid or to an acid in the Krebs cycle
once the appropriate essential and nonessential AAs are present in cells, protein synthesis occurs rapidly |
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glucose-alanine cycle
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alanine enters the liver and produces glucose (through gluconeogenesis)
glucose leaves the liver and is used to aid in contraction of a skeletal muscle, which then releases alanine into the capillary to be taken to the liver again symbiotic relationship |