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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social psychology can help you make sense of
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your own social world.
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The mere presence of another person enhances performance on a
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simple task.
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Individual effort decreases as group size
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increases |
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Behaviorism seeks to explain
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all of psychology in terms of learning principles such as reward and punishment.
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Social psychology features experiments and the scientific method. It studies
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inner states and processes as well as behavior.
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Social psychology is concerned with the effect of other people on (mainly adult) human beings’
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thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
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The ABC triad in social psychology stands for
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Affect, or how people feel inside (including emotion).
Behavior, or what people do, their actions. Cognition, or what people think about. |
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Social psychology focuses especially on the power of
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situations. |
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Social psychology is both
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similar to and different from other social sciences.
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Anthropology is the study of
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human culture.
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Economics is the study of
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the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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History is the study of
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past events.
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Political science is the study of
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political organizations and institutions, especially governments.
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Sociology is the study of
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human societies and the groups that form those societies.
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Psychology is the study of
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human behavior. Several other areas of psychology are related to social psychology.
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Biological psychology, physiological psychology, and neuroscience focus on
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the brain, nervous system, and other aspects of the body.
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Clinical psychology focuses on
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abnormal behavior and disorders.
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Cognitive psychology is
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the basic study of thought processes.
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Developmental psychology focuses on
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how people change across their lives, from conception and birth to old age and death.
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Personality psychology focuses on
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differences between individuals, as well as inner processes.
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What separates philosophy from psychology?
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psychology’s heavy reliance on the scientific method.
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Social psychologists often find the topics they study to be
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intrinsically interesting.
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Applied researchers study
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a specific practical problem, usually outside the laboratory.
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To be a good social psychology researcherr, it is helpful to be
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creative |
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Common sense can be
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mistaken |
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The scientific method involves five basic steps:
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1. State a problem for study.
2. Formulate a testable hypothesis (educated guess) as a tentative solution to the problem. 3. Design a study to test the hypothesis and collect data. 4. Test the hypothesis by confronting it with the data. 5. Communicate the study’s results. |
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The independent variable is
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an observable event that causes a person in an experiment to do something. It has at least two levels, categories, types, or groups.
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In a between-subjects design, participants are exposed to
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only one level of the independent variable.
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in a within- subjects design participants are exposed to
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all levels of the independent variable.
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A design that includes more than one independent variable or factor is called a
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factorial design.
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In a factorial design
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a researcher can determine the effects of each individual independent variable on the dependent variable (called main effects) as well as the joint effects of more than one independent variable on the dependent variable (called interaction effects).
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The dependent variable is
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an observable behavior produced by a person in an experiment.
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An operational definition classifies theoretical variables in terms of
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observable operations, procedures, and measurements.
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For a theory to be scientific, it must be testable, so its theoretical constructs must be
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operationally defined.
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Two essential features of experiments are
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control and random assignment.
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By exercising experimental control
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the researcher tries to make sure that any differences observed on the dependent variable were caused by the independent variable and not by other factors.
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Participants in an experiment must be
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randomly assigned to levels of the independent variable (assignment to groups is random if each participant has an equal chance of being in each group).
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A confederate is
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someone who helps the researcher by pretending to be another participant.
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the earliest social psychological experiments were conducted in the late 1800s by researchers such as Max ringelmann and Norman triplett. What was the topic of these early studies?
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Presence of others on individual performance
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according to Gordon allport, what was the most central concept in social psychology?
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attitudes |
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according to Kurt Lewin’s formula, behavior is a function of what two variables?
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Person and situation
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In the 1950s and 1960s, psychology was divided between what two camps?
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Behaviorist and psychoanalytical camp
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