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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Self-awareness
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the ability to recognize one’s individuality
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Egocentric
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seeing the world only from one’s own perspective
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Delaying gratification
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putting off immediate temptations in order to focus on longer-term goals
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Scaffolding
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a highly attentive approach to teaching in which the teacher matches guidance to the learner’s needs
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Habituation
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a decrease in responding with repeated exposure to a stimulus or event
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Identity
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a clear sense of what kind of person you are, what types of people you belong with, and what roles you should play in society
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Strange situation
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a way of measuring infant attachment by observing how infants behave when exposed to different experiences that involve anxiety and comfort
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Attachment
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the enduring emotional bond formed between individuals
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Conservation
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the knowledge that the quantity or amount of an object is not the same as the physical arrangement and appearance of that object
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Accommodation |
a creative process whereby people modify their belief structures based on experience
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Assimilation
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a conservative process, whereby people fit new information into the belief systems they already possess
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Caregiving behavioural system
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focused on meeting the needs of others
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Sensorimotor stage
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from birth to two years, a time during which infants’ thinking about and exploration of the world are based on immediate sensory (e.g. seeing, feeling) and motor (e.g. grabbing) experiences
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Postconventional morality
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considers rules and laws as relative
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Menopause
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the termination of the menstrual cycle and reproductive ability in women
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Introjections
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the internalization of the conditional regard of significant others
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Attachment behavioural system
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focused on meeting your own needs for security
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Formal operational stage
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(ages 11 to adulthood) the development of advanced cognitive processes such as abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking
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Menarche
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the onset of menstruation
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Cognitive development
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the study of the changes in memory, thought, and reasoning processes that occur throughout the lifespan
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Conventional morality
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regards social conventions and rules as guides for appropriate moral behaviour
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Object permanence
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the ability to understand that objects exist even when they cannot be directly perceived
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Core knowledge hypothesis
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infants have inborn abilities for understanding some key aspects of their environment
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Preconventional morality
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characterized by self-interest in seeking reward or avoiding punishment
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Dishabituation
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the recovery of responsiveness to a habituated stimulus as the result of the presentation of new stimulus
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Primary sex traits
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changes in the body that are part of reproduction
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Secondary sex traits
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changes in the body that are not part of reproduction
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Spermarche
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during puberty, a male’s first ejaculation of sperm
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Concrete operational stage
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(ages 7 to 11 years) children develop skills in logical thinking and manipulating numbers
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Theory of mind
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the ability to recognize the thoughts, beliefs, and expectations of others, and to understand that these can be different from one’s own
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Alzheimer’s disease
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a degenerative and terminal condition resulting in severe damage of the entire brain
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Dementia
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mild to severe disruption of mental functioning, memory loss, disorientation, poor judgement, and decision making
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Preoperational stage
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(ages two to seven) language development, using symbols, pretend play, and mastering the concept of conservation
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Inductive discipline
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involves explaining the consequences of a child’s actions on other people, activating empathy for other’s feelings
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Zone of proximal development
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the set of new skills that an individual is ready to attain based on his or her current skill set
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Generativity
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being engaged in meaningful and productive work, as well as making contributions to future generations |
