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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which major trends in the healthcare industry have influenced the development of health psychology (4)
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-Development of gloves (lower rates of infection)
-Development of Blue Cross -Discovery of antibiotics -Health benefits |
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Definition of health has changed over time, and what factors have contributed to that definition (4)
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-Increased cost of healthcare
-Health: state of physical, mental, and social well being -Behavioral medicine: promotes health and treating disease -Develop. of health psych |
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Know the primary causes of death now and at the turn of the last century and the implications of the differences.
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-1900: flu, TB, diarrhea
-2000: heart disease, cancer, stroke Lifestyle disorders |
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Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)
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Captures process people go through
Used when particular interventions may be valuable at different stages |
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Precontemplation
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Person is unaware there is a problem.
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Contemplation
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Aware of problem. No commitment just yet.
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Preparation
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Intention to change has been made.
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Action
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Commitment of time and energy.
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Maintenance
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Works toward preventing relapse.
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Motivational interviewing
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Moving to the next step in a stages of change model in a client-centered (non directive) approach
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Cognitive behavior therapy
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Changing behavior by changing thoughts or thinking patterns that cause mood/ behavior problems
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ACT
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Acceptance and commitment therapy
Accepting thoughts and feelings that you don't want and committing to your values |
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Mindfulness based stress reduction
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Help increase awareness in order to reduce stress through mindfulness meditation
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Meditation
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Looking at the world and past experiences curiously and without judgement
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Central nervous system
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The brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system
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Somatic nervous system and Automatic nervous system
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Sympathetic nervous system (ANS)
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Prepares body to respond to emergencies
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Parasympathetic nervous system (ANS)
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Restores body to normal state after stress
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Limbic system
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Detect threat, emotional memories, emotional functioning
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Endocrine system
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Complements nervous system in controlling bodily activities
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Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) Axis
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Stress causes hypothalamic activation and leads to an increased release of ACTH
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Cardiovascular system (3)
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Heart, blood vessels, and blood
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Respiratory system (7)
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Nose, mouth, pharynx, trachea, diaphragm, abs, lungs
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Renal system (4)
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Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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Immune system (6)
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Lymph nodes, lymphocytes, tonsil, thymus, spleen, bone marrow
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Stress
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A negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical/ physiological/ cognitive/ behavioral changes
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Theories of stress
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Selye: First stressor then stress
Lazarus: intergrationist or transactional approach |
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Psychoneuroimmunology
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Subfield of health psych that emphasizes the interaction of psychological, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes in stress and illness
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Selye's Model (Stress) [3]
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Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
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Body's job in stress situations (5)
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1. Conserve energy
2. Mobilize energy 3. Turn off projects planned for next few hours 4. Turn off growth/ reproduction 5. Turn off immune responses |
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Physiological effects of exercise
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Increased cardiovascular fitness, circulation, bone strength, digestion, muscle strength, longevity
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Psychological effects of exercise
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Improved mood, decreased anxiety, decreased stress
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Sapolsky's research with babboons
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The higher you are in rank, the less stress you have. The lower you are, the more stress you have.
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Calorie
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Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g water 1 degree Celsius
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Basal metabolic rate
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Body's base rate of energy expenditure
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Cholecystokinin
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Satiety hormone produced by intestine
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Ghrelin
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Appetite stiumulant produced by stomach
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BMI
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Underweight: <18.5
Normal: 18.5-24.9 Overweight: 25-29.9 Obese: 30-39.9 Morbidly obese: 40+ |
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Set point hypothesis
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The point at which one's "weight thermostat" is set
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Obesity Theory - Biological
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Genetics
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Obesity Theory - Psychological
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Stress leads to eating fatty foods and less fruits
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Obesity Theory - Social
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More prevalent among Blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans
Related to socioeconomic status Cultural variation in ideal body image |
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Treatment for obesity (5)
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Dieting, fasting, surgery, diet pills, multimodal approach
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Anorexia
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Self starvation, BMI <18, intense fear of weight gain, body image disturbance, amenorrhea for at least 3 months
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Bulimia
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Binge-purge 2x/ week for 3 months
Lack of control over eating, fear of weight gain |
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Anorexic families
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Competitive, high achieving, overprotective, poor conflict resolution
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Bulimic families
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Alcoholism, substance abuse, less accepted by parents, poor parent/ child relationship
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Drug/ alcohol dependence
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Tolerance, withdrawal, larger doses, persistent desire
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Drug/ alcohol abuse
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Failure to fulfill major obligations, physically hazardous, legal problems
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Tolerance
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Need more to get same effect
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Withdrawal
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No drug = negative effect
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Health effects of smoking
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Increased anxiety, aging, health factors, death
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