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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
euphemism
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substitute a more offensive word for a less offensive word
Instead of saying you are fired… we are down-sizing Chapman, et al. (2003)—Dr. Talk Using euphemisms can cause confusion—people don’t know how dire their situations were |
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double speak
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beating around the bush without ever actually answering the question
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vivid language
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o Smith & Shaffer (2000)
o crunching, shattering, exploding, o As long as the vivid language you are using is congruent to the message o It distracts people—if flowery language has nothing to do with the main point of your message it increases cognitive load |
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hesitations
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(signal uncertainty or anxiety): “Well, I, uh, you know, um, would like to borrow a dollar.”
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hedges
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(qualify the utterance in which they occur): “I guess I sort of like you and kind of want to know you.”
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intensifiers
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(fortify the utterance): “I really believe that and agree with you very much.”
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polite forms
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(indicate deference and subordination): “Excuse me, if you wouldn’t mind too much, I’d appreciate it if you’d please shut the door. Thank you.”
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tag questions
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(lessens the force of a declarative sentence): “This is fun, don’t you think? Much more fun than yesterday, isn’t it?
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disclaimers
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(utterances offered before a statement that anticipate doubts, signal a problem, or ask for understanding): “I know this is a really dumb questions, but…?”
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diectic phrases
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(phrases indicating something outside the speaker’s vicinity): “That man over there is the one who stole my wallet.”
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immediacy
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things that increase warmth, closeness, emotional connection
Cues: • Eye contact • Smiling—increase immediacy Caveat: smile too much, ingenuous smile |
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chameleon effect
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match non-verbal behavior
They will start to do this automatically without even realizing it if the person is attractive A person that you respect, admire, highly likeable When person was mimicked –more likeable other and smoother interaction |
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illustrators
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support a statement that you are making
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emblem
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nonverbals with an exact verbal meaning
Culture specific |
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expectancy violation theory
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If you stand too far or too close—violating expectation
If this is somehow rewarding—if they find you pleasant or attractive violations increase violation However unattractive or unpleasant—they don’t like this! |
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characteristics of good interrogator
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Appearance—professional—business like in appearance
Objective—they don’t respond emotionally, they never show pleasure, disdain and disgust If you make a threat—you should follow through with it if they don’t comply—otherwise credibility is lost Make them feel like this is just your job, you have no real personal stake in this |
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phases of interrogation
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• Opening—assessment (ideological resistance) and rapport
• Recon—cause, extent, & intensity of resistance (don’t rush) • Detailed Questioning—satisfy objectives; control focus of questioning • Termination—debriefing (dangers of poor debriefing)—leave person understanding what happened and why it was important |
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interrogation steps
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1. detect deception
2. shift motivations 3. deplete resources 4. create instability |
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create instability
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Creating extreme emotional stress
Capture o Capture—minimum of violence, minimum of movement—do this very efficiently o Timing o Technique o Movement—drive in circles so they get confused and disoriented about where they are o Clothes—ill-fitting baggy clothes Isolation o Physical detention o Doors—loud and heavy—slam them o Questioning room—should be significantly nicer than the cell with a chair or something o You want them to be happy going there—to get to sit in a chair o Windows—none, or ones you can black out o Social isolation o Solitary o Staff behavior o Movement-blindfolded, handcuffed • Doesn’t make it so obvious that you gave information • You want them to feel completely isolated and alone in their misery Disorientation o Temperature—cold or hot o Geographic—don’t want them to know where they are o Circadian disruption—don’t let them sleep |
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induce regression
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Dependence
o Maslow’s Hierarchy of Ne Dread o Persistent state of fear is more psychologically disruptive than pain o It is more emotionally unbalancing Debility • Sleep deprivation • Stress positions • Sensory Deprivation |