Psyc Chapter 12

Consistent patterns I'd thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that define us across different situation and across time

Understand specific personality characteristics that make a person UNIQUE

Mathematically revel core traits that allow us to categorize personality traits

Generated list of many adjectives and group them together to form categories

Any personality can fit us

Everyone got same personality and rated it 4.25/5 for accuracy

Studied peoples response to personality questionnaires using factor analysis

Reduced personality into 16 categories

1. Openness

2. Conscientiousness

3. Extraversion

4. Agreeableness

5. Neuroticism

High = love new experiences, creative, unconstrained by society views

High = reliable, organized, structured, well planned

Low = flexible, go with flow, messy,

High = emotionally unstable

Low = emotionally controlled, handle stress well, healthy self esteem

authoritaian personality (US vs THEM)

High= dominate, cling to their belief

Right wing authoritarianism

1. Blindly follow orders

2. Favour aggressive methods for suppressing rule breakers

3. Existing structure of society should be maintained at ALL cost

Emphasizes honesty-humility dimension

1. Narcissism (selfish)

2. Machiavelliansim (exploit others)

3. Psychopathy (lack emotions/fear)

Differences in baby behaviour patterns

1. Well adjusted

2. Under control (impulsive, emotionally unstable)

3. Inhibited (fearful of stranger)

Have externalizing (fighting) and internalizing (crying, anxiety) behaviours

adulthood = more major conflicts

Had internalizing behaviours

Situation where our states change

I.e. peaceful people can still get mad

Social cognitive theory of personality

-reciprocal determinism (personality is a combination of things)

Personality/behaviour based on

1. History of rewards and punishments

2. Internal thiughts/personal characteristics

3. External factors based on current situation

Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, Democratic

1. Dependability (neuoticism)

2. Social potency (extraversion)

3. Individualism (agreeableness)

4. Interpersonal relatedness

(Maintain social harmony and respect traditions)

Taking small average differences between groups and blowing them up

Collectivistic (Asian) defined by relationship to others, accomplishment achieve due to the help if others

Individualtic (north American)

Play a large roll!

Much more important then environment growing up

Personality and illness based on 4 main body fluids

Bumps on head determined personality

Arousal theory of exterverson

(Extroverts require more stimuli to be aroused)

More active to lower level stimulus for introverts then extroverts

Openness (but difference is so small it shouldn't be noted

1. Behavioural inhibition system

(Biological system for responding to danger and punishment)

2. Behavioural activation systems

(Response to rewards, controls arousal in pursuit of goals)

Sigmund Freud

- Conscious outside make up a small part of our ideas

- Unconscious "discovered" by Freud

Causes by conflict between conscious and unconscious control

Driven by sex and aggression

Driven by the libido

Follows pleasure principle

Generates uncomfortable feeling when we do or think something wrong

Or gives up pleasure when did something right

*driven by anxiey*

Choses between I'd and Superego

Must be clever to keep both happy

1. Rationalize

2. Displacement

3. Identification

4. Projection

5. Reaction formation

6. Sublimation

Justify why doing something selfish might be morally acceptable

Doing something less selfish (punch wall not person)

Borrow qualities from people "better" than us to prevent insecurities

Thinking others have same flaws to prevent guilt

Reduced anxiety from possessing a morally unacceptable impulse by re-interpreting it as the opposite

E.g. "I'm so mad" to "No im glad your going"

Anxiety from impulse get expressed as socially noble or acceptable acts

Consequence of failing to resolve central crisis at any stage resulting in dysfunctional behaviour

1. Oral stage (0-18 month)

2. Anal stage (2-3yr)

3. Phallic stage (3-6yr)

4. Latency stage (6-13)

5. Genital stage (13+)

Id focused on oral gratification

Fixation: long term oral problems (e.g. shy, alcoholic, ect.)

2-3yrs

Id focused on elimination of waste

Fixation = anal explosive (Id) or anal retential too organized (superego)

3-6yrs

Focused on sexual gratification through genitals

Main goal: maintain secure relationship with parent s

Fixation: too selfish or too selfless in adulthood

1. Castration anxiety

2. Oedipus complex

3. Penis envy

Personality development takes an intermission

Id wants to satisfy sexual urges

Main challenge: finding appropriate ways to expresses those urges

Fixation: too promiscuous or sexually repressed as adult

Girls also attracted sexually to mom but have no penis to compete with father

Leads women to try and compete and dominate over males

Boys think dad cut off moms penis and fears the same

Freud say a word, client say first word that popped into their mind

Tapping into their unconscious

Presenting something vague to client and have them provid interpretation

1. The roschach inkblock test

(explain random ink splots)

2. The thematic apperception test

(tell story based on imagine)

Analytical psychology

Unconscious mind consists of

1. Personal unconcious (Id, ect.)

2. Collective unconcious (knowledge from distant ancesters)

Personality include archetypes that originate from past ancestry (mother, father, shadow, hero)

Studied inferiority complex

Children who cant develop independence become adults who feel inferior

These unconscious feeling can result in overcompensating behaviour

Womb envy

Boys jealous of pregnancy/breastfeeding

Causes men to want to dominate and control women and explains their lack of interest in rising children

Human are uniquely designed to seek out love and fulfillment through work with others and helping others

Person centered perspective

Everyone is good and just needs support and encouragement to reach self-actualization

Fully develop own special talent and achieve complete satisfaction according to unique personal abilities and interest

Aware if flaws but confident in who they are

Humanistic idea also means fulfilling ones personal goals and potential

NOT just being free of pain and despair